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Sovetsky Karabakh, 12
Soviet 4th Army, 115, 116, 117, 159, 166–67,
195, 198–99, 202, 214
Soviet 7th Army, 200–201, 202, 203
Soviet Interior Ministry forces, 11–12, 55,
63, 69, 71, 83, 87, 89, 90, 109, 112, 114,
116, 308–9
Soviet Union, 146; breakup of, 9, 125,
141–44, 160–62, 246, 272, 273; “Brezhnev
Constitution,” 132–33; ethnic relations
in, 125, 140; Union Republics in, 131–33,
135
Spitak, 7, 63, 64
Srkhavend, 209
Stalin, Joseph, 129, 132, 137–38, 196
State Committee for Emergencies
(GKChP), 159–60
State Defense Committee, 196–97, 210
Stepanakert, 69–70, 108–9, 196; in Febru
ary 1988, 10–15, 20–21; made capital of
NK, 52, 130; name of, ix, 130; siege of
(1991–92), 7, 166, 167–68, 173–76, 274,
313; situation in 2000–2001, 6–7, 241–47;
Soviet economy and, 67–68; in Soviet
era, 141; rebuilt after war, 256. See also
Nagorny Karabakh (region)
Stepanian, Seiran, 62
Strabo, 156
Sultanov, Khosrov-Bek, 128
Sumgait, 28, 67, 90; aftermath of violence,
40–41; conspiracy theories, 41–43, 303;
death toll, 40–41, 313; demonstrations
in, 33; impact of, 44; pogroms in, 34–37,
170, 171, 172, 274, 284, 299, 301–3; Soviet
history of, 31–32; Soviet troops enter,
37–39;
Supreme Soviet of Armenia, 10, 61, 72, 111
Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan, 10, 29, 61,
87, 94
Supreme Soviet of USSR, 10, 61, 71
Svo (Rafik Bagdasarian), 206
Sweden, 255
Tadirov, Nagir, 219
Tagiev, Zeinal-Abdin, 99
Tagieva, Natevan, 34, 36
Tajikistan, 58
Talbott, Strobe, 265–66
Talibov, Vasif, 251
Talish, 147, 157, 201
Talysh-Mugham Republic (1993), 215
Tashkent treaty (1992), 197–98, 199
Tbilisi, 270, 302
Ter-Grigoriants, Norad, 163, 210
Ter-Mikelov, Gabriel, 103, 105
Ter-Petrosian, Levon, 56, 196, 205, 210,
255, 305; and Armenian independence,
57, 72; background, 57; buys Russian
weapons, 199, 202; disarms militias, 112;
elected president of Armenia (1991),
161; elected speaker of parliament, 111;
and fall of Shusha, 180; and Genocide
debate, 77; and Kelbajar, 212–213,
226–27; and 1994 offensive, 237–38; and
Operation Ring, 122; and peace negotia
tions, 229–30; reelected (1996), 257–58;
resigns as president (1998), 260–61
Ter-Tatevosian, Arkady, 177–80, 181, 210,
314
Terter, 238, 239
Tiflis, 73
Tishkov, Valery, 133, 279
Thomson, General William, 128, 309
Topkhana, 83, 306
Transdniestria, 246
Tug, 55
Turkey, 3, 203; Armenian fears of, 274–75;
and Armenian Genocide, 75, 77–78, 127,
277; and Azerbaijan, 4, 86, 127, 128, 205,
261, 279; border closed with Armenia,
205, 213, 277; member of Minsk Group,
213, 229, 317; and Nakhichevan, 270–71
Turkmenchai, Treaty of (1828), 96, 189
336
I N D E X
Udins, 156
Uliev, Bakhtiar, 15
United Nations, 223, 228, 231, 232, 255,
262–63
United States of America, 263, 264; Ar
menian Diaspora in, 4, 20, 77, 234, 248;
and Azerbaijan, 253, 263, 276; Congress
supports Armenia, 234, 248, 276; as me
diator, 4, 213, 229, 230, 234–35, 265, 266,
267–68, 276; oil companies, 4, 234, 252,
276; and Russia, 234–35, 266
Vacho (Armenian commander), 242
Vagif, 137, 185, 188–89
Vahabzade, Bakhtiar, 30
Vaksberg, Arkady, 139
Valery (Karabakh Armenian driver),
247–48, 249
Van, 73
Vanadzor Division, 236
Vance, Cyrus, 228
Vank, 68
Vardenis, 273
Vartan, 63
Vartanian, Vartan, 111
Vasilian, Razmik, 111
Vasilevsky, Alexander, 300
Velichko, Vasil, 143
Vezirov, Abdurahman: first Party Secre
tary of Azerbaijan, 58–59, 82, 84; loses
authority, 87–88, 92; loses job after
“Black January” events, 94, 307
Vigen (Shusha Armenian), 48
Villari, Luigi, 73, 189–90
Volsky, Arkady, 69–71, 108, 197, 292
Voskanian, Grant, 25, 65
Voskepar, 117–18
Vremya, 40
World Bank, 223
Yakovlev, Alexander, 38, 59–60, 132,
303
Yazov, Dmitry, 38, 92–93, 108, 123
Yefrem, Catholicos, 149–50
Yeghishe Arakyal, 157–58
Yeltsin, Boris, 117, 160, 161–62, 199, 228,
237–38
Yeraz, 80–81, 83
Yerevan, 59, 61, 90, 257, 271; Azerbaijanis
in, 79–81; Baku Armenians in, 101–2;
economic hardships in, 204–6; Genocide
Memorial in, 56, 76–77, 78–79, 137; his-
tory of, 73–76; Iranians in, 74, 80–81;
“Persian mosque” in, 74–75; street
demonstrations in (1988), 22–25. See also
Armenia
Yerkrapah Veteransí Union, 204, 244, 257,
264, 266
Yesayan, Oleg, 68–69
Yevlakh, 198
Yevtushenko, Yevgeny, 300
Yukhari Abdurahmanly, 221–22
Yukhari Veisali, 167
Yunusov, Arif, 15, 19, 62–63, 284–85, 304,
312, 313, 320
Yunusova, Leila, 82, 86, 89, 91, 198, 201,
208, 209
Zaitsev, General A., 308
Zangezur, 80, 127–28, 273, 306
Zaur (Shusha refugee), 47–48, 50–51
Zenevich, General Anatoly, 163
Zengelan, 219–220, 227, 255, 278, 286
“Zheleznovodsk declaration” (1992),
162
Zulfugarov, Tofik, 204–5, 255, 264
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