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party), 271
Nizami, 137
Njdeh (Armenian guerrilla commander),
128, 208
Novo-Ogarevo talks, 122
Öcalan, Abdullah, 146–47
Ohanian, Seiran, 167, 173, 174, 183
Ohanjenian, Musheg, 138
Omar Pass, 236–37
OMON, 110, 112, 116, 119, 121, 164, 308
Operation Ring, 113–24, 160, 194, 274,
308–9
OPON, 251
Orujev, Elbrus, 177–79, 180, 314
Orujev, Elkhan, 178
Orujev, Hidayat, 97, 104–5
OSCE (Organization for Security and Co
operation in Europe), 2, 229–31, 254–56,
279; Budapest summit (1994), 254–55;
Lisbon summit (1996), 256, 258; Istanbul
summit (1999), 265. See also CSCE
(Council for Security and Cooperation
in Europe); Minsk Group of CSCE (later
OSCE)
Osh, 44
Oskanian, Vartan, 253, 262
Ottoman Empire, 78, 96, 100, 127, 149–50,
187, 275
Özal, Turgut, 210, 213
Pakaleva, Cvetana, 119, 243
Panakh Khan, 188
Panakhov, Neimet, 83, 86, 88, 90–91
Pankhurst, Sylvia, 303
Paris peace conference (1919), 128
Paris negotiations (2001), 267
Parkev, Archbishop, 184, 191–93
Pashayev, Arif, 182–83, 251
Pashayeva, Sveta, 19
People’s Party (Armenia), 204
Petrosian, Georgy, 213
Plekhanov, Georgy, 197
Pogosian, Genrikh, 13, 25, 30, 60, 69, 109
Politburo, 71, 92, 132, 143; delegation goes
334
I N D E X
Politburo (continued)
to Armenia, 25; discusses NK crisis
(1988), 11, 13–15, 26, 57; splits in, 59–60;
and Sumgait crisis, 38–39, 300
Polyanichko, Viktor: assassinated, 116;
background, 88; and “Black January,”
88, 90–91; given charge of NK, 108–10,
112; leaves Azerbaijan, 160; and Opera
tion Ring, 114–16, 121, 123–24
Popular Front, Azerbaijani, 71, 113–14,
171, 173, 182–83, 210, 225; forms, 82–83,
86; in 1989–90, 88–95
Primakov, Yevgeny, 261
Pushkin, Alexander, 187
Putin, Vladimir, 266
Qasimov, Tofik, 82, 88, 182
Quinn-Judge, Paul, 171
Raffaelli, Mario, 229–30, 235, 317
Rafsanjani, Hashemi, 180
Reagan, Ronald, 262
Referendum on Soviet Union (1991), 114
Republican Party (Armenia), 264
Reut, General Fyodor, 203
Richards, Susan, 100
Right and Accord (Armenian party), 257
Rokhlin, Lev, 199, 315–16
Ruben (Armenian conscript), 247–48, 249
Russia, 72, 107, 145, 189, 213, 266, 276, 277;
army in Armenia, 4, 202, 261; Azerbai
jani fear of, 51, 220, 274–75; disputes
with U.S. over NK, 234–35, 254–55, 261;
improving relations with Azerbaijan,
261–62, 266, 276; intelligentsia of and
NK, 66–67; mediation in NK (2001), 3–4,
267; military involvement in NK war,
195–96, 199–205, 316–17; relations with
Karabakh Armenians, 186; takes control
of NK in 19th century, 189; ties with Ar
menia, 137, 261, 274–75; tsarist empire
in Caucasus, 51–52, 75, 96, 97, 127;
wartime mediation of, 213, 231–35,
237–240
Rustam, 186
Rustamkhanli, Sabir, 14, 136
Saakian, Bako, 239
Saakova, Bella, 87
Saatly, 221, 223
Sabirabad, 217–19, 274
Sadakhlo, 269–70, 272
Sadyqov, Isa, 208, 214
Sadyqov, Najmedtin, 208
Safonov, Vladislav, 108, 111
Said, Kurban, 186
Sakharov, Andrei, 23, 66, 67, 133, 139, 306
Samedoglu, Yusif, 91
Sardarabad, Battle of, 127
Sariev, Gara, 286
Sarkisian, Aram, 122, 123, 275
Sarkisian, Armen, 258
Sarkisian, Serzh, 163, 273; and Azerbaijani
friends, 54, 273; background, 53–54; de
fense minister of Armenia, 236, 239, 253;
and Khojali, 172; military leader of NK,
166, 197; and removal of Ter-Petrosian,
260–61
Sarkisian, Vazgen: defense minister of Ar
menia, 204, 257, 258, 259, 260, 264; mur
der of, 265–66; prime minister, 264; vet
erans’ leader, 249, 257
Sayat-Nova, v, 80, 282–83
Schiltberger, Johann, 148–49
Section 907 of Freedom Support Act
(1992), 234, 276
Sevan, Lake, 22
Shabad, Anatoly, 117–18, 122, 159, 167
Shagarian, Zhudeks, 241
Shakhnazarov, Georgy, 27–28, 60, 65, 301
Shakhverdiev, Veli, 271
Shatalin, Yury, 71
Shaumian Region, 70, 89, 116, 119, 120,
122, 160, 194, 259, 274, 285
Shaumian, Stepan, 130
Shcherbak, Alexander, 199
“Shchit” (military investigation group),
93, 307
Sheki, 204
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 38, 133–34, 263
Shiites, 80, 96, 187, 315
Shopen, I., 305–6
Shugarian, Sergei, 52, 140
Shugarian, Zoya, 24
Shusha, ix, 8, 12, 14, 66, 68, 69, 115, 118,
128, 130, 140, 166, 174–75; Armenian
cultural heritage of, 189–90; Azerbaijani
cultural heritage of, 180, 188–89, 193;
capture of (1992), 49, 179–81, 190, 192,
251, 314; Gazanchetsots church, 179–80,
I N D E X
335
184, 185, 187, 190, 193; good ethnic rela
tions during Soviet era, 47, 52–54; his-
tory of, 188–90; life in 2000, 45–46,
48–49, 183–85, 191–93; in 1988, 45–46;
razing of ruins in (1961), 52; refugees
from, 47–48, 49–51; return of refugees
debated, 185, 267, 314; sack of (1920),
51–52, 190; siege of (1991–92), 47,
176–78, 312; status of in negotiations,
255, 258–59; Victory Day in (2000),
185–86. See also Nagorny Karabakh
(region)
Slezkine, Yury, 143
SOCAR (Azerbaijani state oil company),
263
Sochi, 204, 232
South Ossetia, 246
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