Black Garden : Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War

Istoricheskaya Spravka, 33. 
11.  On the economic issues and especially the nomads, see Yamskov, Eth­
nic Conflict in the Transcaucasus. 
12.  Interview with Yakovlev, 8 December 2000. 
13.  The population figures are taken from Brian D. Silver, “Population Re-
distribution and the Ethnic Balance in Transcaucasia,” in Transcaucasia, Nation­
alism and Social Change, ed. Suny, 373–395. 
14.  Interview with Shamil Askerov, 20 November 2000. 
15.  Interview with Tiskhov, 5 December 2000. 
16.  Vaksberg, The Soviet Mafia, 192. 
17.  Moskovksy Komsomolets, 18 October 1995. 
18.  Interview with Muradian, 5 May 2000. 
19.  Interview with Rustamkhanli, 8 November 2000. 
20.  Interview with Kaputikian, 26 September 2000. 
21.  Interview with Ohanjenian, 5 October 2000. 
22.  In 1989, the average wage in the Soviet Union was 182 rubles; in Azer­
baijan, 135 rubles. Arif Yunusov, “Azerbaijan v Postsovetsky Period: Problemy 
i Vozmozhnye Puti Razvitiya” [Azerbaijan in the post-Soviet period: Problems 
and possible paths of development], in Severny Kavkaz-Zakavkaz’ye: Problemy 
Stabil’nosti i Perspektivy Razvitiya [The North Caucasus and Transcaucasus: 
Problems of stability and perspectives for development] (Moscow, 1997), 130. 
23.  Sakharov, Moscow and Beyond, 88. 
24.  Vaksberg, The Soviet Mafia, 254. 
25.  Kocharian, interview on Ostankino Russian Television with Andrei Ka­
raulov on the Moment Istiny [Moment of truth] program, 10 January 1994, re-
published in Harutiunian, Sobytiya [Events], Part V, 271. 
26.  Interview with Shugarian, 13 December 2000. 
27.  Interview with Alekperov, 7 June 2000. 
28.  Velichko, Kavkaz [The Caucasus], 155. 
29.  Balayan, Ochag [The hearth], 21. 
30.  Slezkine, “The USSR as a Communal Apartment,” 229. The image of 
the mansion is an adaptation of Slezkine’s brilliantly employed metaphor of the 
Soviet Union as a communal apartment. 
31.  Gellner, Nationalism in the Vacuum, 250. 
NOTES TO CHAPTER 10 
1.  On the meliks, see Hewsen, “The Meliks of Eastern Armenia,” 1972, and 
Dudwick, “Armenian-Azerbaijani Relations and Karabagh.” Yermolov’s letter 
is reprinted in Armyano-russkiye otnosheniya [Armenian-Russian relations], vol. 
II, 178–181. 

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311 
2.  The Bondage and Travels of Johann Schiltberger, 86. 
3.  Haxthausen, Transcaucasia, 438. 
4. S. A. Mamedov, Istoricheskiye Svyazi Azerbaidzhanskogo i Armyanskogo 
naroda [Historical ties between the Azerbaijani and Armenian peoples] (Baku: 
Elm, 1977), 172–180. 
5.  Zori Balayan, interviewed by The Armenian Mirror-Spectator, Boston, 20 
February 1988, republished in Libaridian, The Karabagh File, 76. 
6.  Salam No. 1. (Published as a supplement of Eliler 12 (97), 19–30 March 
2000). 
7.  I am grateful to Professor Robert Hewsen for guiding me through this 
bewildering historical thicket. Any misinterpretations made in what follows are 
purely my own. There is an excellent account of the whole Caucasian contro­
versy in Karny, Highlanders, 371–404. 
8.  Buniatov’s  Mxitar Gosh, Albanskaya Khronika, predislovie, perevod i kom­
mentarii Z. M. Buniatova [Mxitar Gosh, the Albanian Chronicle, forward, trans­
lation, and commentary by Z. M. Buniatov], published in 1960, is an unattrib­
uted translation of C. F. J. Dowsett’s “The Albanian Chronicle of Mxitar Gosh,” 
published in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies XXI, Part 3 
(1958). Buniatov’s “O Khronoligicheskom nesootvetsvii glav ‘Istorii Agvan’ 
Moiseya Kagankatvatsi” [On the chronological noncorrespondence of chapters 
of Movses Dasxuranc’i], published in Baku in 1965, is an unattributed transla­
tion of Robert Hewsen’s “On the Chronology of Movses Dasxuranc’i,” pub­
lished in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies XXVII, Part 1 (1954). 
Buniatov also selectively quoted and mistranslated European sources and trav­
elers on Karabakh, including Johann Schiltberger; see George A. Bournoutian, 
“Rewriting History: Recent Azeri Alterations of Primary Sources Dealing with 
Karabakh,” Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies 6 (1992–1993): 185–190. 
9.  Interviews with Mamedova, 8 June and 28 November 2000. 
10. Igrar Aliev and Kamil Mamedzade, Albanskiye Pamyatniki Karabakha 
[The Albanian monuments of Karabakh] (Baku: Azerbaijan Devlet Neshriyaty, 
1997), 19. 
11.  Interview with Akopian, 13 October 2000. 
12.  Robert Hewsen, “Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the 
Caucasian Albanians.” 
13.  Letter from Robert Hewsen, 10 January, 2001. 
NOTES TO CHAPTER 11 
1.  Interview with Shabad, 7 December 2000. 
2.  Interview with Guluzade in English, 28 November 2000. 
3.  20 August 1991. As reported in Harutiunian, Sobytiya, IV. 
4.  Interview with Danielian, 14 October 2000. 

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5.  Interview with Hovanisian, 15 December 2000. 
6.  Interview with Manucharian, 15 October 2000. 
7.  Interview with Mekhtiev, 31 March 2000. 
8.  Interview with Mamedov, 22 November 2000. 
9.  Interview with Ali, 4 April 2000. 
10.  On “Mamed the Mule,” see Goltz, Azerbaijan Diary, 149–153. 
11.  Interview with Kocharian, 25 May 2000. 
12.  Interview with Sarkisian, 15 December 2000. 
13. The official account of the Interior Ministry’s withdrawal is in A. 
Petrov, “Dlya politikov Karabakh—urok, dlya soldat—vtoroi Afganistan” [For 
politicians, Karabakh is a lesson; for soldiers, it is a second Afghanistan], Kras­