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International Herald Tribune, 204
Irakli II, 80, 283
Iran, 3, 80, 94, 160, 277; and Armenia, 4,
74, 81, 151, 205, 264; and Azerbaijan, 30,
86; Azerbaijani refugees flee to, 216, 219,
227; mediation efforts for NK, 180, 228;
I N D E X
331
and Nakhichevan, 270–71; as Persian
Empire in Caucasus, 96, 150, 189
Isakov, Hovanes, 186
Isazade, Azad, 217–19
Iskandarian, Alik, 12, 22
Istanbul Summit of OSCE (1999), 265
Jafarov, Chengiz, 47
Jalilabad, 88
Jalilov, Afiyettin, 226, 238, 251
Jangarian, Gamlet, 7
Javadov, Rovshan, 251
Javid, Hussein, 137
Jebrail, 215, 219, 225, 255, 286
Jermuk, 62
Jones, Jon, 168, 176
Jupiter (company in NK), 242
Kafan, 18–19, 30, 32
Kafarova, Elmira, 94
Kaputikian, Silva, 22, 25, 26–28, 57,
136–37, 301
Karabakh Committee, 23, 58, 61, 64; for
mation of, 56–57; freed, 72, 84; members
arrested and jailed, 65, 305
Karabakh Regiment, 186–87
Karadogly, 115
Karapetian, Samvel, 145–48, 151, 157–58
Karintak, 176, 178, 313
Kars, 129, 187, 203, 277
Kasakh, 34
Kasparov, Garry, 98
Katusev, Alexander, 33, 302
Kavburo, 129
Kazakh, 125, 208, 286
Kazimirov, Vladimir, 204, 254; negotiates
1994 ceasefire, 237–40; previous career
of, 231–32; removed from post, 261
Kelbajar, 145, 148, 150, 200, 203, 226–27,
233, 286; Armenian capture of, 211–13;
1994 offensive in, 236–37, 255, 316–17
Keller, Bill, 88
Keppel, George, 189
Kerimli, Kerim, 50
Kerimov, Azai, 175, 179
Kerkijahan, 68
Ker-Porter, Sir Robert, 8
Kevorkov, Boris, 12–13, 139
Key West peace talks, 4–5, 7, 148, 267, 274,
279, 280
KGB, 41–42, 84, 85, 108
Khacharian, Rafik, 34
Khachaturian, Albert and Larisa, 45
Khachaturian, Vartan, 269
Khankendi, ix, 130, 162, 268
Khanzadian, Sergo, 41
Kharchenko, Grigory, 13–14, 37, 39–40, 55,
69, 139, 300
Khojali, 69, 110, 140, 166, 169; death toll
from, 312–313; 1992 massacre at, 170–72,
274
Khrushchev, Nikita, 32, 136
Kirgizia, 58
Kirovabad, 38, 43, 63
Kissinger, Henry, 4, 253
Kitovani, Tengiz, 204
Kocharian, Robert, 126, 139, 166, 233; ac
tivism (1988), 56; background, 53–54,
197, 212; in battle of Shusha, 178; be-
comes president of NK, 256; becomes
prime minister of Armenia, 245, 258;
cautious over peace deal, 280; elected
president of Armenia, 262; and ethnic
conflict, 54; and Genocide dispute, 77;
heads State Defense Committee, 196–97;
holds secret talks with Aliev (1993),
226–27; after Key West talks, 4, 7; nego
tiates with Aliev, 263–65, 266–68; and
1994 ceasefire, 240; and shootings in Ar
menian parliament, 265–66
Kolesnikov, Mikhail, 200, 203
Komitas, 76
Kondratyev, Georgy, 237,
Kornidzor, 169
Kosovo, 221
Kozyrev, Andrei, 261
Krasnovodsk, 90
Krpeyan, Tatul, 116
Krunk, 56, 304
Kryuchkov, Vladimir, 108, 123, 305
Kubatly, 169, 255, 286
Kulieva, Rovshan, 107
Kurds, 62, 132, 133, 145, 149, 212, 285, 304
Lachin, 60, 145, 204–5, 209, 286; Armenian
capture of, 182–83; status of, 255,
258–59, 263–64
Latvia, 43
Le Figaro, 72
Leila and Majnun, 99
332
I N D E X
Lenin, Vladimir, 57, 131, 192
Leninakan, 64, 216. See also Gyumri
Lenkoran, 89, 215
L’Humanité, 20
Libaridian, Gerard, 78, 256
Lieven, Anatol, 43, 171
Ligachev, Yegor, 59–60, 302, 304
Lisbon Summit of OSCE (1996), 256, 258
Lisitsian, Stepan, 187
Literaturnaya Gazeta, 27
Loshak, Viktor, 64, 66
Lukoil, 252, 261
Lukyanov, Anatoly, 25, 61
Lusitania, 44
M., Lyudmila, 35
Madatov, Valerian, 186
Makhamerov, Asif (“Freud”), 165, 201
Mamed, Yaqub, 165
Mamedov, Etibar, 83, 86, 91–92, 94, 214,
262, 307
Mamedov, Mamedrafi, 239
Mamedov, Yaqub, 173, 180
Mamedova, Farita, 153–55
Mamedzade, Kamil, 155
Mamikonian, Vartan, 137
Manashid, 119, 160
Mandelstam, Osip, 52
Manucharian, Ashot, 23, 72, 111, 115,
210–11, 227, 312, 314
Manucharov, Arkady, 109
Manukian, Vazgen, 56–57, 111, 210, 212,
257–58
Maragha, 176
Maresca, John, 230, 234–35
Martakert, 48, 194, 195, 201, 206, 215,
247–50, 286
Martunashen, 116
Martuni, 169, 207, 243, 286
Meghri, 18, 135–36, 264
Mehti Kulu, 189
Meir, Golda, 150
Mekhtiev, Tajedin, 164, 176, 273, 278, 313
Melander, Erik, 120
Meliks, 146, 149, 156, 187, 188
Melkonian, Monte, 207–8, 243, 249
Melkonian, Seta, 169, 207, 243–44
Melkumian, Gurgen, 138
Memorial (human rights group), 116
Meskhetian Turks, 110, 171, 185
Metsamor nuclear power station, 22, 206,
300
Miasnikian, Alexander, 130
Mikhailov, Vyacheslav, 13, 59–60, 83,
113–14, 300
Mikoyan, Anastas, 20
Mikoyan, Sergei, 20
Miller, William Green, 124
Minsk Group of CSCE (later OSCE), 237,
256, 267–68, 276, 279, 317; formation of,
229–30; France, USA, become co-chairs
of, 258; and 1997 peace plan, 258–61;
splits in, 234–35, 254–55. See also Key
West peace talks; OSCE (Organization
for Security and Cooperation in
Europe)
Mirzoyan, Seiran, 109–10, 119, 120–21
Mkrtchian, Artur, 161, 228
Mkrtchian, Shagen, 141
Moldova, 246
Moscow, Treaty of (1921), 129
Movsesian, Nelli, 53
Mujahadin, 236
Muradian, Igor, 16–18, 20–21, 22, 56, 57,
136, 300
Murat, Joachim, 186, 314
Murov Mountains, 212, 236–37
Musavat, 127
Musayev, Fuad, 31
Muslimzade, Jehangir, 32, 33–34, 43
Mustafiev, Jengiz, 172–73, 183, 314
Mustafieva, Nailia, 274
Mutalibov, Ayaz, 85, 88, 181; and Aliev, 94,
307; alliance with Gaziev and Hus
seinov, 215, 251, 313; and August 1991
coup attempt, 160; brief return to
power, 182; elected president of Azer
baijan, 160; fall from power, 172–73, 260;
and Khojali, 171; made First Party Sec
retary of Azerbaijan, 94, 108; in NK
(1990), 109–11; and Operation Ring,
113–14, 120, 121–23; as president of
Azerbaijan, 162–65, 313
Nagorny Karabakh dispute: Aliev-
Kocharian negotiations, 4–5; Armenians
declare independence, 161, 162; Armen
ian delegation seeks compromise with
Baku, 118–20; Armenian partisan units
form, 112; Armenian State Defense
I N D E X
333
Committee formed, 196; Armenian un
derground movement, 16, 20; arming of
communities, 166–167; casualty figures,
285; demonstrations (1988), 20–21; esca
lation of war (1992), 194–200; final of
fensive of war, 235–37; inter-communal
violence, 55, 68; looting of occupied ter
ritories, 207–8, 215–16, 242; Nairit chem
icals factory, 22, 300; and Operation
Ring, 113–124, 308–9; origins of dispute,
125–31, 272–73; 1988 vote by regional
Soviet, 10–12, 142; 1994 ceasefire agree
ment, 237–240; 1997 peace plan, 258–60;
post-war mediation efforts, 253–56; So
viet forces pull out, 167; state of emer
gency imposed, 92, 108–10; students
raped, 14–15, 299; tank repair work-
shop, 209; upgrading to Autonomous
Republic discussed, 60; Volsky ap
pointed special representative, 67–69;
wartime peace talks, 161–62, 227–35. See
also Shusha; Stepanakert
Nagorny Karabakh (region): Armenian di
alect of, 186; Autonomous Region cre
ated (1923), 130, 187; Azerbaijani minor
ity in, 12, 14, 50, 68–69, 141; becomes
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