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Figure 1. Digital technology as a tool for pandemic preparedness and response
1
 
Education.
The World Bank estimated the levels of “Learning Poverty” across 
the globe by measuring the number of 10-year old children who cannot read and 
understand a simple story by the end of primary school. In low- and middle-income 
countries “learning poverty” stands at 53%, while for the poorest countries, this is 80% 
on average. With the spread of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), 180+ countries 
have mandated temporary school closures, leaving ~1.6 billion children and youth out 
of school. 85% of children world-wide are affected.2 As a result, education has 
changed dramatically, with the distinctive rise of e-learning, whereby teaching is 
undertaken remotely and on digital platforms.
Even before COVID-19, there was already high growth and adoption in education 
technology, with global EdTech investments reaching US$18.66 billion in 2019 and 
the overall market for online education projected to reach $350 Billion by 2025. 
Whether it is language apps, virtual tutoring, video conferencing tools, or online 
learning software, there has been a significant surge in usage since COVID-19.3
Extended school closures may cause not only loss of learning in the short-term, 
but also further loss in human capital and diminished economic opportunities in the 
long-term. Countries are currently in a coping phase to manage school closures and are 
preparing for managing learning continuity when schools open as well as a third phase 
of resilience and reform to improve the system for the long run. To help mitigate the 
loss of learning, many countries are pursuing options to utilize remote learning to 
1
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landig/article/PIIS2589-7500(20)30142-4/fulltext Date accessed: December 12, 
2020 
2
https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/edutech Date accessed: December 12, 2020 
3
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-education-global-covid19-online-digital-learning/ 
Date 
accessed: December 12, 2020 

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manage and cope with the crisis. The crisis has starkly highlighted the inequalities in 
digital access and that ‘business as usual’ will not work for delivery of education 
to all children. Education systems must adapt. Technology is playing an essential role 
to deliver education to the student outside of school.
There are MOOC (massive open online course) and several commercial and non-
profit internet sites that provide online education. Sites like Coursera, WizIQ, Canvas 
Network, Udacity, Udemy are commercial based, in contrast Khan Academy, edX, 
Peer to Peer University are non-profit organizations. In response to significant demand, 
many online learning platforms are offering free access to their services. For those who 
do have access to the right technology, there is evidence that learning online can be 
more effective in a number of ways. Some research shows that on average, students 
retain 25-60% more material when learning online compared to only 8-10% in a 
classroom. This is mostly due to the students being able to learn faster online; e-
learning requires 40-60% less time to learn than in a traditional classroom setting 
because students can learn at their own pace, going back and re-reading, skipping, or 
accelerating through concepts as they choose. Furthermore, by implementing online 
education we can get rid of gender discrimination and social status discrimination. 
Moreover, we count other advantages such as cost effectiveness, adjusting learning 
speed, verity of information and delivery forms, flexibility, and accessibility.