Meeraas pane waalon ke teesre giroh mein chahcha, phoopi, mamoo aur khala aur iin ki aulaad hain. Agar pahle aur dusre giroh mein se koi waaris maujood na ho to phir yeh log wiraasat paate hain.
Agar matufi ka waaris faqt ek chacha ya ek phoopi ho to khawah woh sage ho y’ani woh aur matufi ek maa baap ki aulaad hon khawah pidari ho ya maadari ho saara maal oose milta hai. Agr chand chacha ya chand phoopi phoopiyen hon aur woh sab sage ya sab pidari ya sab maadari ho to iin ke dirmiyaan maal barabar taqseem hoga. Agar chach aur phoopi dono hon to chacha ko phoopi se dugna hissa milta hai.
Agar matufi ke waaris chacha aur phoopiyaan hon aur iin mein se kuch pidari aur kuchh maadari aur kuchh sage hon to pidari chachaon aur phoopiyon ko turka nahin milta. Aur agar matufi ka ek maadari chach ya ek maadari phoopi ho to maal ke chhe hissa kiye jaate hai jin mein se ek sage chacha aur phoopiyan na ho to woh hisse pidari chachon aur phoopiyon ko milte hai. Agar matufi ke maadari chacha aur maadari phoopiyan bhi hon to maal ke teen hisse kiye jaate hain jin mein se do hisse sage chachaon aur phoopiyon ko milte hain aur bilfarz agar sage chacha aur phoopiyan na hon to pidari chacha aur pidari phoopi ko turka milta haai aur ek hissa maadari chacha aur phoopi ko milta hai aur har haal mein chacha ko phoopi se dugna hissa milega.
Agar matufi ke waaris faqt ek mamoo ya ek khala ho to saara maal oose milega. Aur maamo bhi ho aur aur khala bhi ho aur dono pidari aur maadari hon (y’ani matufi ki maa ke sage bahen bhayee hon) ya pidari ya maadari hon to ba’eed nahin keh mamoo khala se dugna hissa le. Agarche yeh bhi ehtemaal hai keh dono ka hissa barabar barabar ho iis liye ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par zaa’ed miqdaar mein baham tasfiya kar len.
Agar mayyat ke waaris ek ya kayee maadari maamoo aur khala, sage mamoo aur khala, aur pidari mamoo aur khala hon to pidari mamoo aur khala ko wiraasat ka na milna mehal ishkaal hai. Beharhaal maadari mamoo ya khala mein se ek ho to oose maal ka 1/6 hissa milega aur agar kayee hain to 1/3 maal ke haqdaar hain aur baaqi maal pidari mamoo aur khala ko ya sage mamoo aur khala ko diya jaayega. Har haalat mein yeh ehtemaal hai keh mamoo ka hissa khalaon ke barabar hoga laikin ehtayaat-e-waajib yeh hai keh aapas mein massaalihat kar len.
Agar matufi ke waaris ek ya chand mamoo ya ek ya chand khalaon ya mamoo aur khala aur ek ya chand chacha ya ek ya chand phoopiyan ya chacha aur phoopi hon to maal teen hisso mein taqseem kiya jata hai. Iin mein se ek hissa mamoo ya khala ko ya dono ko milta hai aur baaqi do hisse chacha ya phoopi ko ya dono ko milta hain. Har giroh ke dirmiyaan taqseem ka tariqa bayaan ho chuuka hai.
Agar matufi ke chach, phoopui, mamoo aur khala na hon to iin ka hissa oon ki aulaad ko diya jaayega. Agar phoopi ki ek ladki aur mamoo ke kuchh ladke hon to phoopi ki ladki ko do tehayee milega aur mamoo ke ladkon ko ek tehayee jis ko woh aapas mein barabar barabar taqseem kar lenge aur yeh tabqa (chacha, phoopi, mamoo aur khala ke ladke) matufi ke baap ya maa ke chacha, phoopi, mamoo aur khala par (meeraas paane mein) maqaddam hain.
Agar matufi ke waaris iis ke baap ke chacha, phoopion, mamoo aur khalaon aur iis ke maa ki maa ke chachon, phoopiyon, mamoon aur khalaon ko bataur meeraas milega. Aur maal iin ke dirmiyaan barabar barabar taqseem hoga ya har aurat se dugna hissa legaa iis mein ikhtelaaf hai aur ehtayaat-e-waajib yeh hai keh massaalehat kar len. Baaqi do hisso ke yteen hisse kiye jayenge. Ek hissa matufi ke baap ke mamoo aur khalayen oosi kaifiyat ke mutabiq aapas mein barabar barabar baant len aur baaqi do hisse bhi oosi kaifiyat ke mutabiq matufi ke baap ke chachaon aur phoopion ko diye jayenge.
Biwi aur shauhar ki meeraas
Agar koi aurat be aulaad mar jaaye to oos ke saare maal ka nisf hissa shauhar ko aur baaqi mandah dusre wirsa ko milta hai. Aur agar aurat ki oosi shauhar se ya kisi aur shauhar se aulaad ho to saare maal ka chawthhayee hissa shauhar ko aur baaqi mandah dusre wirsa ko milta hai.
Agar koi aadmi mar jaye aur oos ki koi aulaad na ho to oos ke maal ka chawthayee hissa oos ki biwi ko aur baaqi dusre wirsa ko milta hai. Agar oos aadmi ki oos biwi se ya kisi aur biwi se aulaad ho to maal (ka aathhwan) hissa biwi ko aur baaqi dusre wirsa ko milta hai. Ghar ki zameen, baagh, kheit aur dusri zameeno mein se aurat ko meeraas nahin milti na zameen bataur meeraas hasil karti hai aur na hi oos ki qimat. Neiz woh ghar ki faza mein qaayam cheezon maslan a’maarat aur darakhton se turka nahin paati laikin oon ki qimat ki suurat mein turka paati hai. Aur jo darakht aur a’maaratein baagh ki zameen, mazru’a zameen aur dusri zameeno mein ho noon ka bhi yahi hukm hai. Laikin shauhar ki wafaat ke vaqt jo phal darakhto par thhe oos mein se wiraasat paati hai.
Jin cheezon mein se aurat turka nahin paati maslan riyahish makaan ki zameen agar woh iin mein tasarruf karna chaahe to zaruri hai keh dusre wirsa se ijaazat le. Aur wirsa jab tak aurat ka hissa na de dein oon ke liye jayez nahin hai keh oos ki ijaazat ke baghair oon cheezon mein maslan a’maaraton aur darakhton mein tasarruf kare jin ki qimat se woh turka paati hai.
Agar a’maarat aur darakht waghaira ki qimat lagana maqsud ho to zaruri hai keh iis tarah andaza lagayen jaisa keh qimat lagane waalon ka ma’mool hota hai keh jis zameen mein woh hai oos ki khasusiyaat ko pesh nazr rakhe baghair oon ka hesaab kare keh oon ki kitni qimat hai, na keh oonhein zameen se ukhde huye farz kar ke oon ki qimat lagayen aur na hi oon ki qimat ka hesaab iis tarah kare keh agar woh baghair kiraaye ke oos zameen mein oosi haalat mein baaqi rahen to oon ki qimat kya hogi.
Neharon ka paani bahne ki jagah aur oosi tarah ki dusri jagah zameen ka hukm rakhti hai aur oonit aur dusri cheezein jo iis mein lagayee gayee hain woh a’maarat ke hukm mein hain. Albatta khud paani mein se wiraasat paati hai.
Agar matufi ki ek se zayada biwiyan hon laikin aulaad koi na ho to maal ka chawtha hissa aur agar aulaad ho to maal ka athwaan hissa oos tafseel kemutabiq jis ka bayaan ho chuuka hai sab biwiyon mein massawi taur par taqseem hota hai khawah shauhar ne iin sab ke saath ya iin mein ba’az ke saah hambistari nab hi ki ho. Laikin agar oos ne aisa marz ki haalat mein jis marz se oos ki maut waq’e huyee hai kisi aurat se nikaah kiya ho aur oos se hambistari na ki ho to woh aurat oos se turka nahin paati aur woh mehar ka haq bhi nahin rakhti.
Agar koi aurat marz ki haalat mein kisi mard se shaadi kare aur oosi marz mein mar jaaye to khawah mard ne oos se hambistari nab hi ki ho woh oos ke turke mein hissedaar hai.
Agar aurat ko iis tarteeb se raja’ee talaaq de jaaye jis ka zikr talaaq ke ehkaam mein kiya gaya hai aur woh a’ddat ke daruaan mar jaaye to shauhar oos se turka pata hai. Isii tarah agar shauhar oos a’ddat ke dauraan faut ho jaaye to biwi oos se turka paati hai laikin a’ddat guzarne ke ba’d ya talaaq ki a’ddat ke dauraan oon mein se koi ek mar jaaye to dasra oos se turka nahin paataa.
Agar shauhar marz ki haalat mein apni biwi ko talaaq de de aur barah qamri mahine guzarne se pahle mar jaaye to aurat teen shartein poori karne par oos ki meeraas se turka paati hai khawah talaaq raja’ee ho ya bba’en:
Aurat ne oos muddat mein dasra shauhar na kiya ho aur agar dasra shauhar kiya ho to oose meeraas milegi agar che ehtayaat yeh hai keh sulah kar len (y’ani matufi ke wirsa aurat se massaalihat kar len).
Talaaq aurat ki marz aur darkhawast par na huyee ho. Warna oose meeraas nahin milegi khawah talaaq hasil karne ke liye oos ne apne shauhar ko koi cheez di ho ya na di ho.
Shauhar ne jis marz mein aurat ko talaaq di ho ooa marz ke dauraan oos marz ki wajah se ya kisi aur wajah se mar gaya ho. Lehaaza agar woh oos marz se shafayaab ho jaaye aur kisi aur wajah se mar jaaye to aurat oos se meeraas nahin paati. Magar yeh keh oos ki wafaat a’ddat raja’ee ke dirmiyaan huyee ho.
Jo kapde mard ne apni biwi ko pahenne ke liye fraham kiye hon agarche woho on kapdo ko pahen chuki ho phir bhi shaihar ke marne ke ba’d woh shauhar ke maal ka hissa honge. Laikin agar kapde aurat ki malkiyat mein hon to yeh oosi ke hain. Aurat ko yeh haq bhi hasil hai keh shauhar se nafqa ke a’nwaan se kapdo ka mutaalba kare.
Meeraas ke mukhtalif massa’el
Matufi ka Qur’an majeed, anguthhi, talwaar aur jo kapde woh pahen chuuka ho ya pahenne ke liye tayyar kar rakhe hon woh bade bete ka maal hai aur agar pahli teen cheezon mein se matufi ne koi cheez ek se zayada chhodi hon maslan oos ne Qur’an majeed ke do nuskhe ya fo angithhiyan chhodi hon to ehtayaat-e-waajib yeh hai keh oos ka bada beta oon ke baare mein dusre wirse se massaalihat kare aur oon chaar cheezon ke saath rahel, bandook, khanjar aur iin jaise dusre hathiyaar aur talwaar ki nayaam Qur’an majeed ka ghalaaf bhi oonhein ke taba‘e hain.
Agar kisi matufi ke bade bete ek se zayada hon maslan do biwiyon se do bete baik vaqt paida hon to zaruri hai keh jin cheezon ka zikr kiya ja chuuka hai oonhein barabar barabar aapas mein taqseem Karen. Yeh hukm bade bete se makhsus hai agar betiyaan badi hon to oon ke liye nahin hai.
Agar matufi maqruz ho to agar oos ka qarz oos ke maal ke barabar ya oos se zayada ho to zaruri hai keh bada beta oon cheezon se bhi jo oos ki malkiyat hai aur jin ka sabqa massle mein zikr kiya gaya hai oos ka qarz adaa kare ya oos ki qimat ke barabar apne maal se de. Agar matufi ka maal oos ke qarz se kam ho aur zikr shuda oon chand cheezon ke a’lawa jo bade bete ko mili hain mayyat ka baaqi maal qarz adaa karne ke liye kaafi ho tab bhi ehtayaat-e-laazim yeh hai keh bada beta jaisa keh pahle bataya gaya hai qarz adaa karne mein shirkat kare. Maslan agar matufi ka tamaam maal saathh rupayye ka ho aur oos mein bees rupayye ki woh cheezein hon jo bade bete ka maal hain aur oos par tees rupayye qarz ho to bade bete ko chahiye keh oon cheezon mein se das ruppaye matufi ke qarz ke silsile mein de.
Musalmaan kafir se turka paata hai. Laikin kafir khawah woh musalmaan matufi ka baap ya beta hi kyoon na ho oos se turka nahin paata.
Agar koi shakhs apne rishtedaaron mein kisi ko jaan boojh kar aur naahaq qatl kar de to woh oos se turka nahin paata laikin agar woh shakhs ghalti se maara jaaye. Maslan agar koi shakhs (ghulail se) hawa mein paththar phenke (ya hawayee firing kare) aur woh ittefaqan oos ke kisi rishtedaar ko lag jaaye aur woh mar jaaye to woh marne waale se turka paayega laikin oos ke qatl ki dait mein se turka nahin paayega.
Jab kisi matufi ke wirsa turka taqseem karna chahe to woh bachcha jo abhi maa ke pait mein ho aur agar zinda paida ho to meeraas ka haqdaar hoga. Iis suurat mein jabkeh nma’loom ho keh bachcha ek ya kayee hain, ladka hai ya ladki hai, khawah kisi bhi ma’loomaati zariye se ilm ho jaaye to zaruri hai keh oos ka ya oon ka hissa alaiheda rakha jaaye. Aur ma’loom na ho to agar quwi ehtemaal ho keh kayee bachche hain to jitni ta’adaad ka ehtemaal ho utne bachchon ka hissa alaiheda rakhna zaruri hai. Phir agar maslan ek ladka aur ek ladki paida ho to jitnio miqdaar zayada ho wirsa aapas mein taqseem kar len.
