Bis research paper number 128 The wider benefits of international higher education in the uk

3.
 
Research aims and methodology........................................................................................ 14
 
3.1
 
Research objectives and design....................................................................................... 14
 
3.2
 
Primary research methodology......................................................................................... 16
 
3.2.1
 
Interview preparation and structure ........................................................................... 16
 
3.3
 
Sample design and stratification....................................................................................... 17
 
3.3.1
 
Countering positive bias in the interview sample ...................................................... 21
 
4.
 
Benefits of international graduates..................................................................................... 22
 
4.1
 
Benefit types and classification ........................................................................................ 22
 
4.2
 
Benefits to the UK (host country)...................................................................................... 24
 
4.2.1
 
Benefit type A1: Additional HE exports ..................................................................... 24
 
4.2.2
 
Benefit type A2: Indirect economic benefits .............................................................. 27
 
4.2.3
 
Benefit type A3: Professional networks ..................................................................... 29
 
4.2.4
 
Benefit type A4: Personal consumer behaviour ........................................................ 32
 
4.2.5
 
Benefit type A5: Skilled migration.............................................................................. 35
 
4.2.6
 
Benefit type B1: UK Ambassadors ............................................................................ 38
 
4.2.7
 
Benefit type B2: Promoting trust................................................................................ 42
 
4.2.8
 
Benefit type B3: UK influence during capacity building ............................................. 45
 
4.3
 
Benefits to international graduates ................................................................................... 47
 
4.3.1
 
Benefit type C1: Career enhancement or change ..................................................... 47
 
4.3.2
 
Benefit group C2: English language proficiency........................................................ 52
 
4.3.3
 
Benefit type C3: Cosmopolitanism and intercultural sensitivity ................................. 54
 
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The Wider Benefits of International Higher Education in the UK 
4.3.4
 
Benefit type C4: Personal growth and wider experiences ......................................... 59
 
4.3.5
 
Benefit type C5: Social benefits and networks .......................................................... 64
 
4.4
 
Benefits to countries of origin ........................................................................................... 69
 
4.4.1
 
Benefit type D1: Capacity building and societal development................................... 69
 
4.4.2
 
Benefit type D2: Personal multiplier effects............................................................... 72