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That command sets the nice value of the process to a positive 10, similar to our other 
examples. We can also use a negative number for the niceness if we want to increase 
the priority:
sudo renice -10 42467
Although it doesn't save us much typing to leave out the 
-n
 option, now you know 
that it is a possibility. The other difference with that example was that I needed to 
use 
sudo
 since I'm decreasing the nice value (more on that later).
When it comes to the 
nice
 command, we can also leave out the 
-n
 option, but the 
command works a bit differently in this regard. The following won't work:
nice 15 vim
The syntax of 
nice
 is a bit different, so giving it a positive number directly won't 
work as it does with 
renice
. For that, we'll need to add a hyphen in front:
nice -15 vim
When you look at that command, you may assume we're applying a negative 
number. Actually, that's not true. Since the syntax is different with 
nice
, the 
-15
 
value we used results in a positive 15. We needed the hyphen in front of the value 
to signify to 
nice 
that we're applying a value as an option. If we actually do want to 
use a negative value with 
nice
 while also avoiding the 
-n
 option, we would need to 
use two hyphens:
nice --10 vim
The difference with syntax between the two commands with the 
-n
 option is a bit 
confusing in my opinion, so I recommend simply using the 
-n
 option with 
nice
 and 
renice
, as that's going to be more uniform between them:
nice -n 10 vim
sudo nice -n -10 vim
renice -n 10 42467
sudo renice -n -10 42467

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Controlling and Managing Processes