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Standard Input
. These are abbreviated as 
stdout
 and 
stdin
, 
respectively. The reason for the expansion of the simple concept of input/output 
into a concept of its own is because, on the Linux shell, we can handle these streams 
differently and perform different tasks with them.
We've been working with standard output throughout the entire book so far. 
Everything that is printed to the terminal is standard output. For example, when you 
ran the 
sudo apt install vim-nox
 command earlier, the results of that command 
(the flood of text showing the status of the package installation as it occurred) was 
standard output. When you use the 
cat /var/log/syslog
 command to have the 
contents of 
/var/log/syslog
 dumped on to the screen, the contents being displayed 
are standard output. By far, standard output is something you'll work with the most.
To understand the concept of standard output better, let's take a look at redirection. 
The following command is an example:
cat /var/log/syslog > ~/logfile.txt
With that command, we're using 
cat
 to display the contents of 
/var/log/syslog
. 
But instead of simply showing the contents on screen, we use the 
>
 character to 
redirect standard output into a file, 
~/logfile.txt
. This means that standard output 
(showing the contents of the file) will not be shown at all, since we redirected that 
into a file. Similarly, we could have also run:
cat /var/log/syslog 1> ~/logfile.txt

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Chapter 5