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Typically, files that you create in your home directory will have permission string 
similar to this:
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jay  jay      0 Jul  5 14:10 testfile.txt
We've discussed permissions and gone over how to read a permission string in 
Chapter 2
, 
Managing Users and Permissions
, but you can see that by default, files you 
create in your home directory are owned by your user, your group, and are readable 
by all three categories (user, group, and other).
To change our current directory and navigate to another, we can use the 
cd
 
command along with a path we'd like to move to:
cd /etc
Now, I haven't gone over the file and directory layout yet, so I just randomly picked 
the 
etc
 directory. The forward slash at the beginning designates the beginning of the 
filesystem. More on 
that later. Now, we're in the 
/etc
 directory, and our command 
prompt has even changed as well:
Figure 4.2: Command prompt and pwd command after changing a directory
As you could probably guess, the 
cd
 command stands for 
change directory
, and 
it's how you move your working directory from one to another while navigating 
around. You can use the following command, for example, to return back to the 
home directory:
cd /home/

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Navigating and Essential Commands