6.1. Past simple tense va Past continuous tense
birga qo’llanish holatlari
O
ʻtgan zamon davom fe'li (Past continuous tense) qo'shma gaplarda oʻtgan
zamondagi biror ish-harakat bilan qo
ʻllaniladi.
Tom
hurt his arm while he was playing his last game. (Tom oxirgi o
ʻyinini
o
ʻynayotganda qo'lidan jarohat oldi)
It
was raining when I got up.
Yuqoridagi vaziyatda o
ʻtgan zamonda bir ish-harakat davom etib turgan (while he
was playing…) paytda boshqa bir ish-harakat bo
ʻlib oʻtganligi (Tom hurt his arm)
ko
ʻrsatilgan. Bunday vaziyatlarda tugallangan ish-harakat uchun oddiy o
ʻtgan
zamon (Past simple tense), davomiy ish-harakat uchun o
ʻtgan zamon davom fe'li
(Past continuous tense) qo
ʻllanadi.
O
ʻtgan zamonda ish-harakatlar ketma-ket sodir boʻlganini ifodalashda faqat
oddiy o
ʻtgan zamon (Past simple tense) qoʻllaniladi.
He
opened the door, entered the room, found the paper and read it. (U eshikni
ochdi, xonaga kirdi, hujjatni topdi va uni o
ʻqidi.)
When we
heard the fire alarm, we rushed to the door. (Biz yong'in signalini
eshitishimiz bilan eshikka yugurdik)
Grammar + Vocabulary course
2020-2021
6.1. Past simple tense va Past continuous tense
birga qo’llanish holatlari
O
ʻtgan zamonda ikkala ish-harakat bir vaqtning oʻzida davom etib turgan boʻlsa, ikkala
ish-harakat uchun ham o
ʻtgan davomiy zamon (past continuous tense) qoʻllaniladi.
Nina
was playing the guitar while Jack was reading a book. (Jek kitob o
ʻqiyotganida
Nina gitara chalayotgan edi)
Quyidagi gaplarni qiyoslang.
We
were walking home when I met Dan.
We
walked home after the party last night.
Kate
was watching TV when we arrived.
Kate
watched TV a lot when she was ill last year.
Yuqoridagi misollarda vaziyatni ko'z oldimizga keltirib fe'llarni to
ʻg'ri zamonda qoʻyish
mumkin. Misol uchun bir gap tahlili bayon etiladi.
He …
(fall) off the ladder while he … (paint) the ceiling.
(
fall - yiqilmoq, paint - bo
ʻyamoq). Ko'z oldimizga keltirsak, odatda biror ish
qilayotganimizda yiqilib tushishimiz mumkin, demak,
fall fe'li - oddiy o
ʻtgan zamonda,
paint fe'li - o
ʻtgan zamon davom fe'lida qoʻllaniliishi lozim.
He
fell off the ladder while he was painting the ceiling. (U shiftni bo'yayotganda
narvondan yiqilib tushdi)
Grammar + Vocabulary course
2020-2021
6.2. Past perfect simple tense
Past Perfect simple tense (uzoq o'tgan zamon) - o'tgan zamondagi biror voqea
yoki paytdan oldin bo'lib o'tgan ish-harakatlarni bildirish uchun qo'llaniladi, shuning
uchun ham mazkur zamonni uzoq o'tgan zamon deb atashsa kerak. Masalan, siz
kecha ziyofatga bordingiz, lekin u yerda yaqin do'stingiz Sobirni ko'rmadingiz,
chunki u siz kelguncha uyiga
ketib bo'lgan ekan.
Ingliz tilida ayni shunday holatlar uchun, ya'ni "Sobir uyiga ketib bo'lgan ekan"
degan ma'noni berish uchun Past Perfect simple tense qo'llaniladi. Mazkur gap ingliz
tilida qanday bo'lishini ko'ramiz.
When I arrived (o'tgan zamondagi ish-harakat) at the party, I didn't meet Sobir
there because he
had already gone home.
Bu zamonda egadan keyin
had yordamchi fe'li + tog'ri fe'llarga -ed yoki noto'g'ri
fe'llarning
past participle (Verb III) shaklidagi asosiy fe'l qo'llaniladi.
Positive form:
I
had eaten/ worked.
He/she/it
had eaten/ worked.
We/you/they
had eaten/worked.
Grammar + Vocabulary course
2020-2021
6.2. Past perfect simple tense
▪ Negative form:
I
had not eaten/ worked.
He/she/it
had not eaten/ worked
We/you/they
had not eaten/worked.
▪ Question form:
Had I eaten/ worked?
Had he/she/it eaten/ worked?
Had we/you/they eaten/worked?
▪Misollar:
When Tom came, the workers had already finished the work. (Tom kelganida,
ishchilar allaqachon ishni tugatishgan edi)
Sobir
had done the homework by 6 o'clock yesterday. (Sobir kecha soat 6
gacha uy vazifasini bajarib bo'lgan edi)
At first I thought I’
d done the right thing, but I soon realised that I’d made a big
mistake.
Karen didn’t come to the cinema with us. She
’d already seen the movie.
Grammar + Vocabulary course
2020-2021
6.2. Past perfect simple tense
Uzoq o'tgan zamon odatda
yo'lg'iz o'zi emas, boshqa o'tgan zamondagi (past
simple) ish-harakat bilan ko'p qo'llaniladi. Bunda uzoq o'tgan zamonda ifodalangan
ish-harakat
o'tgan zamondagi ish-harakatdan oldin bo'lib o'tganligi ko'rsatiladi.
Tom
had already gone home when I arrived at the party. (Men ziyofatga kelganimda
(o'tgan zamon), Tom allaqachon uyiga ketgan ekan (uzoq o'tgan zamon)
Uzoq o'tgan zamon
as soon as/after/before/by the time/when/until bog'lovchilari
bilan ham qo'llaniladi.
After we had found a place to stay we went to a restaurant. (Yashashga joy
topganimizdan keyin biz restarantga yo'l oldik)
Tom
had washed his car before we set off a journey.
The film
had already started by the time we got to the cinema.
As soon as he had finished his homework, he was allowed to watch TV.
We
had packed all the necessary things by the time Tom came.
when bog'lovchisi o'tgan zamondagi fe'l bilan ham qo'llanishini avvalgi mavzularda
ko'rib o'tgan edik. Uzoq o'tgan zamonda qo'llanilganda esa
when after (keyin)
bo'g'lovchi ma'nosida qo'llaniladi.
When (After) I had repaired the car, we could continue our trip.
Grammar + Vocabulary course
2020-2021
6.2. Past perfect simple tense
Ingliz tilida inkor ma'noli ravishlar -
hardly/barely/scarcely (endigina, deyarli yo'q,
zo'rg'a)
- uzoq o'tgan zamonda juda ko'p qo'llaniladi.
I
had barely heard of him until that day. (U haqda men o'sha kungacha deyarli hech
narsa bilmasdim.)
Uzoq o'tgan zamon (past perfect simple) hozirgi tugallangan zamon (present perfect
simple) ning
o'tgan zamon shakli sifatida qo'llaniladi, ya'ni o'tgan zamonda natijasi ayon
bo'lgan ish-harakatni bildiradi. Qiyoslang:
My car
is clean. I have washed it. (Hozirda natijasi ayon bo'lgan ish-harakat)
My car
was clean. I had washed it. (O'tgan zamonda natijasi ayon bo'lgan ish-harakat)
Mazkur holatda Past perfect simpleda Present perfect simpleda ishlatiladigan payt
ravishlari ham
(already, just, ever, never, yet va h.k.) ishlatiladi.
The boy next to me
was very nervous. He had never flown before.
⚠ think, hope, mean, expect va boshqa o'xshash fe'llarni ma'noda deyarli o'zgarishsiz
o'tgan zamondagi 3 ta zamonda
(past simple, past continuous, past perfect) biz qilishga
yoki sodir bo'lishiga umid qilgan (xohlagan), lekin amalga oshmagan ish-harakatlar uchun
qo'llash mumkin.
I
expected/was expecting/had expected him to call me, but he didn't.
A: Why are you so disappointed?
B: Because I
hoped/was hoping/had hoped that I would pass the test, but I didn't.
Grammar + Vocabulary course
2020-2021
6.2. Past perfect simple tense
Ingliz tili grammatikasida
'inversion' degan tushuncha bor, bu gapda odatda ega
va kesimning o'rni almashib ishlatilishidir. Bunday gap qurilmasini ishlatishdan
maqsad gapdagi
mazmunni kuchaytirish va his-hayajonli tus berishdir. Masalan,
odatiy gap tartibini ko'rib chiqamiz, bu gap misol uchun uzoq o'tgan zamonda
bo'lsin:
I
had never seen such a beautiful bird before. (odatiy gap qurilmasi)
Never had I seen such a beautiful bird before! (inversiya)
Yuqoridagi qaysi gapda mazmun kuchaytirilagan deb o'ylaysiz, albatta, inversiya
bilan berilgan gapda!
Uzoq o'tgan zamonda mana shunday inversiya bilan ishlatiladigan qurilmalar
mavjud. Bular
"No sooner...than..." (-masdan) va "Hardly .... when..." (endigina)
qurilmalaridir. Bu qurilmalarda
than va when so'zlaridan keyin o'tgan zamon
qo'llaniladi.
No sooner had he gone out than it started to rain. (U ko'chaga chiqar-chiqmas,
yomg'ir yog'a boshladi)
Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang. (Endigina to'shakka
yotgandim, telefon jaranglab qoldi)
Grammar + Vocabulary course
2020-2021
6.3. Past perfect continuous tense
Mazkur zamon o
ʻtgan zamondagi biror bir ish-harakatdan yoki paytdan oldin
muayyan muddat davom etib turgan yoki o
ʻtgan zamonda natijasi ayon boʻlgan ish
harakatni bildiradi. Mazkur zamonda egadan keyin
had been+V(ing) qo
ʻllaniladi.
▪Positive form:
I
had been working.
He/she/it
had been working.
We/you/they
had been working.
▪ Negative form:
I
had not been working.
He/she/it
had not been working.
We/you/they
had not been working.
▪ Question form:
Had I been working?
Had he/she/it been working?
Had we/you/they been working?
▪Misollar:
When I arrived at the party, Tom and Ann
had been dancing for an hour. (Men ziyofatga
kelganimda, Tom va Anna bir soatdan buyon raqsga tushishayotgan ekan)
Grammar + Vocabulary course
2020-2021
6.3. Past perfect continuous tense
Past perfect continuous tense o'tgan zamonda biror
ish-harakatdan oldin ma'lum
muddat davom etib turgan ish-harakatni bildiradi. Ish-harakat qancha davom
etganligini ko'rsatuvchi
for/since payt ravishlari va so'roq gaplarda how long so'roq
olmoshi gapda qatnashadi. Nutqda qo'llanilganda, odatda o'tgan zamondagi gap
bilan qo'llaniladi.
When I arrived at the party, Tom and Ann
had been dancing for an hour.
How long had you been reading the book when I came?
It was cold and windy. It
had been raining since morning.
Past perfect continuous tense o'tgan zamondagi natijaga olib kelgan davomiy
ish-harakatni ham ifodalaydi, ya'ni
Present perfect continuous tensening o'tgan
zamon shakli sifatida qo'llaniladi.
His hands
are dirty. He has been repairing the car. (Uning qo'llari kir. U mashinani
tuzatmoqda…hozirgi zamondagi vaziyat)
His hands
were dirty. He had been repairing the car. ( Uning qo'llari kir edi. U
mashinani tuzatayotgan edi… o'tgan zamondagi vaziyat)
Grammar + Vocabulary course
2020-2021
6.3. Past perfect continuous tense
O'tgan zamon davom fe'li (past
continuous tense) o'tgan zamonda aniq
vaqtda davom etib turgan ish-harakatni
bildiradi.
I
was sleeping at 5 o'clock yesterday.
⚠ Qiyoslash uchun:
Past Perfect Continuous tense esa
o'tgan zamonda biror bir ish-harakat
qancha davom etganligini ham bildiradi.
Muddatni esa
for+ [muddatni bildiruvchi
so'z] ifodalaydi.
When I arrived at the party, Tom and
Ann
were dancing. (past continuous
tense…muddat yo'q)
When I arrived at the party, Tom and
Ann
had been dancing for an hour. (Past
Perfect Continuous tense…muddat bor)
Grammar + Vocabulary course
2020-2021
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