Behavioral responses to stimuli may be adaptive


Animal intelligence is difficult to define



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27 Animal Behavior PPT

Animal intelligence is difficult to define.

  • Cognition is the mental process of knowing through perception or reasoning.
  • Other factors affecting an animal’s behavior may seem like cognition.
    • awareness
    • ability to judge
  • ability to solve complex problems

Some animals can solve problems.

  • Insight is the ability to solve a problem mentally without repeated trial and error.
    • observed in primates, dolphins, and corvids
    • chimpanzee retrieving hanging bananas
  • Tool use helps an animal accomplish a task.
    • some dolphins use sponges to protect and hunt
    • crows and chimpanzees make probing sticks
    • capuchin monkeys use rocks to crack nuts

Cognitive ability may provide an adaptive advantage for living in social groups.

  • Intelligence in animals seems to be correlated with two characteristics.
    • relatively large brains for their body size
    • live in complex social groups
  • Cultural behavior spreads through a population by learning, not by selection.
    • taught to one generation by another
    • aided by living in close proximity

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