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How to
Live on 24 Hours a Day
. This hypothetical London salaryman, he notes, has a little
more than sixteen hours left in the day beyond these work-related hours. To Bennett,
this is a lot of time, but most people in this situation tragically don’t realize its
potential. The “great and profound mistake which my typical man makes in regard to
his day,” he elaborates, is that even though he doesn’t particularly enjoy his work
(seeing it as something to “get through”), “he persists in looking upon those hours from
ten to six as ‘the day,’ to which the ten hours preceding them and the six hours
following them are nothing but a prologue and epilogue.” This is an attitude that
Bennett condemns as “utterly illogical and unhealthy.”
What’s the alternative to this state of affairs? Bennett suggests that his typical man
see his sixteen free hours as a “day within a day,” explaining, “during those sixteen
hours he is free; he is not a wage-earner; he is not preoccupied with monetary cares;
he is just as good as a man with a private income.” Accordingly, the typical man
should instead use this time as an aristocrat would: to perform rigorous self-
improvement—a task that, according to Bennett, involves, primarily, reading great
literature and poetry.
Bennett wrote about these issues more than a century ago. You might expect that in
the intervening decades, a period in which this middle class exploded in size
worldwide, our thinking about leisure time would have evolved. But it has not. If

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anything, with the rise of the Internet and the low-brow attention economy it supports,
the average forty-hour-a-week employee—especially those in my tech-savvy
Millennial generation—has seen the quality of his or her leisure time remain
degraded, consisting primarily of a blur of distracted clicks on least-common-
denominator digital entertainment. If Bennett were brought back to life today, he’d
likely fall into despair at the lack of progress in this area of human development.
To be clear, I’m indifferent to the moral underpinnings behind Bennett’s
suggestions. His vision of elevating the souls and minds of the middle class by reading
poetry and great books feels somewhat antiquated and classist. But the logical
foundation of his proposal, that you both 
should
and 
can
make deliberate use of your
time outside work, remains relevant today—especially with respect to the goal of this
rule, which is to reduce the impact of network tools on your ability to perform deep
work.
In more detail, in the strategies discussed so far in this rule, we haven’t spent much
time yet on a class of network tools that are particularly relevant to the fight for depth:
entertainment-focused websites designed to capture and hold your attention for as long
as possible. At the time of this writing, the most popular examples of such sites
include the Huffington Post, BuzzFeed, Business Insider, and Reddit. This list will
undoubtedly continue to evolve, but what this general category of sites shares is the
use of carefully crafted titles and easily digestible content, often honed by algorithms
to be maximally attention catching.
Once you’ve landed on one article in one of these sites, links on the side or bottom
of the page beckon you to click on another, then another. Every available trick of
human psychology, from listing titles as “popular” or “trending,” to the use of arresting
photos, is used to keep you engaged. At this particular moment, for example, some of
the most popular articles on BuzzFeed include, “17 Words That Mean Something
Totally Different When Spelled Backward” and “33 Dogs Winning at Everything.”
These sites are especially harmful after the workday is over, where the freedom in
your schedule enables them to become central to your leisure time. If you’re waiting in
line, or waiting for the plot to pick up in a TV show, or waiting to finish eating a meal,
they provide a cognitive crutch to ensure you eliminate any chance of boredom. As I
argued in Rule #2, however, such behavior is dangerous, as it weakens your mind’s
general ability to resist distraction, making deep work difficult later when you really
want to concentrate. To make matters worse, these network tools are not something
you join and therefore they’re not something you can remove from your life by quitting
(rendering the previous two strategies irrelevant). They’re always available, just a

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quick click away.
Fortunately, Arnold Bennett identified the solution to this problem a hundred years
earlier: