I.7. Kimyoviy tenglamalar va ularga koeffissiyentlar tanlash.
Na+O2→ Na2O K+O2→K2O
C+O2→CO Cu+O2→ CuO
Al+O2→Al2O3 P+O2→P2O3
P+O2→P2O5 NH3 + O2 → NO +H2O
CH4 +O2 → CO2+ H2O PH3 +O2 → P2O5 + H2O
SiH4 + O2 → SiO2 + H2O CrO+O2→ Cr2O3
SO2+O2→ SO3 Fe(OH)3→ Fe2O3 + H2O
Cr(OH)3→ Cr2O3+ H2O H3AlO3 Al2O3 + H2O
H3CrO3→ Cr2O3+ H2O P2O5 + H2O → H3PO4
Cl2O + H2O → HClO Cl2O3 + H2O → HClO2
Cl2O5 + H2O → HClO3 Cl2O7 + H2O → HClO4
Cl2O7 + NaOH → NaClO4+ H2O SO3+ NaOH → Na2SO4 + H2O
N2O5+ NaOH → NaNO3+ H2O P2O5 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca3(PO4)2+ H2O
Na2O+H2O→ NaOH K2O+ H2O→ KOH
Na2O+HCl→ NaCl + H2O CaO+ HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
Na2O+H2SO4→ Na2SO4 + H2O Na2O+HNO3→ NaNO3 + H2O
CaO+ HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O Na2O+P2O5→ Na3PO4
CaO+ P2O5→ Ca3(PO4)2 Al2O3 +HCl → AlCl3 + H2O
Al2O3 + H2SO4→ Al2(SO4)3+ H2O Na + H2O → NaOH +H2
HCl + Na2S → NaCl + H2S K + H2O → KOH +H2
Mg + H2O → Mg(OH)2 +H2 Ca + H2O → Ca(OH)2 +H2
Na2O + H2O → NaOH MgH2+ H2O → Mg(OH)2 +H2
CaH2+ H2O → Ca(OH)2 +H2 CuSO4+ KOH → Cu(OH)2+ K2SO4
MnCl2+ KOH → Mn(OH)2 +KCl Fe(NO3)2+ KOH → Fe(OH)2 + KNO3
CrBr2+ KOH → Cr(OH)2+ KBr Al(NO3) + KOH → Al(OH)3+ KNO3
Ba(OH)2 +HCl → BaCl2+ H2O N2O5+ H2O → HNO3
SO2 + KOH → K2SO3 + H2O CO2 + KOH →K2CO3 + H2O
P2O5 + KOH → K3PO4 + H2O Cl2O + KOH → KClO + H2O
Cl2O3 + KOH → KClO2 + H2O Cl2O5 + NaOH → NaClO3+ H2O
H2 + Cl2→ HCl NaCl + H2SO4→ Na2SO4 +HCl
FeCl2 + H2SO4→ FeSO4 + HCl Al2S3 + H2SO4→ Al2(SO4)3 +H2S
FeS + HCl → FeCl2+ H2S Na2S + HCl → NaCl + H2S
Al2S3 + HCl → AlCl3 + H2S Na2SiO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2SiO3
Al + HCl → ACl3+ H2 Cu(OH)2 + HCl → CuCl2 + H2O
Cr(OH)2 + HCl → CrCl2 +H2O Fe(OH)3 + HCl → FeCl3+H2O
Cr(OH)3 + HCl → CrCl3+H2O Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4→ CuSO4+H2O
Fe(OH)3 + H2SO4→ Fe2(SO4)3+H2O Cu(OH)2 + HNO3→ Cu(NO3)2+H2O
Fe(OH)3 + HNO3→ Fe(NO3)3+H2O H2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2→ BaSO4 + HNO3
H3PO4 + CaCl2→ Ca3(PO4)2+ HCl HCl + Na2CO3→ NaCl +H2O + CO2
I. 8. Kimyoviy reaksiyalarlarning turlari
Birikish reaksiyalari
Oddiy moddalarning o’zaro birikishi
Na2O, CaS, CO, Na 2S, CO 2, CuCl 2, P 2O 3, ZnCl 2, SO 2, CaCl 2, CaO, NH 3, HCl, HJ, HBr, H 2S, HF, SiO 2, MgO, SnCl 2, P 2O 5, AlCl 3, Al 2O 3, CuO, FeCl 3, K 2O, NaCl, CuS, Cr 2S 3;
Na+O 2→ Na 2O K+O 2→
CII+O2→CuII+O2→
CIV+O2→ Al+O2→
PIII+O2→ PV+O2→
SIV+O2→ Mg+O2→
Ca+O2→ SiIV+O2→
H2+Cl2→H2+S→
H2+Br2→ H2+I2→
H2+F2→ H2+N2→
SnII+Cl2→ Ca+Cl2→
Al+Cl2→ Zn+Cl2→
FeIII+Cl2→ CuII+Cl2→
Na+Cl2→ Na+S→
CrIII+S→ Ca+S→
Cu+S→
Asosli oksidlarga suvning ta’siri
NaOH, Ba(OH) 2, RbOH, Mg(OH) 2, Ca(OH) 2, KOH;
Na 2O + H 2O → NaOH K 2O + H 2O →
Rb2O + H2O → MgO + H2O →
CaO + H2O →
BaO + H2O →
Kislotali oksidlarga suvning ta’siri
H3BO3, HBrO4, HNO2, HBrO3, N2O5, H3AsO4, H3PO4, HClO3, H2SO4, HClO, HClO2, H2SO3, HClO4, H3PO3, HBrO, HNO2+HNO3, HBrO3, H2CO3;
B 2O 3 + H 2O→ H 3BO 3CO 2+ H 2O→
N2O3+ H2O→ NO2+ H2O→
N2O5+ H2O →P2O3+ H2O→
P2O5+ H2O→SO2+ H2O→
SO3+ H2O→Cl2O + H2O→
Cl2O3+ H2O→Cl2O5+ H2O→
Cl2O7+ H2O→As2O3+ H2O→
Br2O + H2O→Br2O3+ H2O→
Br2O5+ H2O→Br2O7+ H2O→
Asosli oksidlarga kislotali oksidlarning ta’siri
Na3BO3, K 3PO 4, NaNO 2, NaNO 3, Ba 3(PO 3) 2, CaCO 3, CaSO 3, Mg(BrO 4) 2, NaClO, NaBrO 3, KClO 3, KBrO, Ca 3(AsO 4) 2, Mg(ClO 4) 2, Ba(BrO 2) 2, RbClO 2, Na 2SO 4;
B2O3 + Na2O → Na3BO3CO2+ CaO →N2O3+ K2O →P2O3+ BaO →P2O5+ K2O →SO2+ CaO →SO3+ Na2O →Cl2O + Na2O →Cl2O3+ Rb2O →Cl2O5+ K2O →Cl2O7+ MgO →As2O3+ CaO →Br2O + K2O →Br2O3+ BaO →Br2O5+ Na2O →Br2O7+ MgO →
N2O5+ Na2O →
O’rin olish reaksiyalari
Metal oksidlariga vodorodning ta’siri
FeO+H 2→ Fe +H 2O; CuO+H 2→
Fe2O3+H2→ CrO+H2→
Cr2O3+H2→ZnO+H2→
SnO+H2→WO3+H2→
Metal oksidlariga is gazining ta’siri
FeO+CO→ Fe +CO 2; CuO+CO→
Fe2O3+CO→ CrO+CO→
Cr2O3+CO→ZnO+CO→
SnO+CO→WO3+CO→
Metallarga kislotalarning ta’sri
Na+HCl→ NaCl +H 2; Ca+HCl→
K+HCl→Zn+HCl→
Fe+HCl→Na+H2SO4→
Ca+H2SO4→K+H2SO4→
Zn+H2SO4→Fe+H2SO4→
Na+H2SO3→Ca+H2SO3→
K+H2SO3→Zn+H2SO3→
Fe+H2SO3→
Parchalanish reaksiyalari
Tuzlarning parchalanishi
NaHCO 3→ Na 2CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2O
KHCO3→
CaCO3→ CaO + CO2
MgCO3→
AgNO3→ Ag + NO2 + O2
Hg(NO3)2→
Cu(NO3)2→ CuO + NO2 + O2
Mg(NO3)2→
NaNO3→ NaNO2+ O2
KNO3→
CaSO3→CaO + SO2
BaSO3→
BeSO3→
Na2SO3→
Asoslarning parchalanishi
Fe2O3, Al 2O 3, FeO, ZnO, CuO,
MnO, Cr2O3, CrO;
Fe(OH) 3→ Fe 2O 3+ H 2O
Fe(OH)2→ … + H2O;
Cu(OH)2→ … + H2O
Cr(OH)3→ … + H2O;
Cr(OH)2→ … + H2O
Mn(OH)2→ …+ H2O;
Zn(OH)2→ … + H2O
Al(OH)3→
Kislotalarning parchalanishi
SO2, Cr2O3, SiO2, ZnO, CO2, Al2O3; H2SO3→ SO2 + H2O;
H2SiO3→…+ H2O
H2CO3→…+ H2O;
H3AlO3 …+ H2O
H2ZnO2→…+ H2O;
H3CrO3→…+ H2O
Almashinish reaksiyalari
Asoslar va kislotalarning o’zaro ta’siri
NaOH+HCl→ NaCl + H 2O
KOH+HCl→
Ba(OH) 2+HCl→
Mg(OH)2+HCl→
Ca(OH)2+HCl→
Al(OH)3+HCl→
Cu(OH)2+HCl→
Fe(OH)3+HCl→
Fe(OH)2+HCl→
NaOH+H2SO4→ Na2SO4 + H2O
KOH+H2SO4→Ba(OH)2+H2SO4→
Mg(OH)2+H2SO4→Ca(OH)2+H2SO4→
Al(OH)3+H2SO4→Cu(OH)2+H2SO4→
Fe(OH)3+H2SO4→Fe(OH)2+H2SO4→
Zn(OH)2+H2SO4→
NaOH+HNO3→ NaNO3 + H2O
KOH +HNO3→Ba(OH)2+HNO3→
Mg(OH)2+HNO3→Ca(OH)2+HNO3→
Al(OH)3+HNO3→Cu(OH)2+HNO3→
Fe(OH)3+HNO3→Fe(OH)2+HNO3→
Zn(OH)2+HNO3→
Tuzlarga kislotalarning ta’siri
Na 2CO 3+HCl→ NaCl + CO 2 + H 2O
NaHCO3+HCl→
K2CO3+HCl→
KHCO3+HCl→
CaCO3+HCl→
Ca(HCO3)2+HCl→
MgCO3+HCl→
Mg(HCO3)2+HCl→
Na2CO3+H2SO4→Na2SO4 + H2O
NaHCO3+H2SO4→K2CO3+H2SO4→
KHCO3+H2SO4→
CaCO3+H2SO4→
MgCO3+H2SO4→Mg(HCO3)2+H2SO4→
Tuzlarga asoslarning ta’siri
CuSO 4+KOH→ K 2SO 4 + Cu(OH) 2
FeCl3+KOH→Zn(NO3)2+KOH→
Fe2(SO4)3+KOH→
CrCl2+KOH→
CrCl3+KOH→Al(NO3)3+KOH→
MnSO4+KOH→
CuSO4+NaOH→
FeCl3+NaOH→Zn(NO3)2+NaOH→
Fe2(SO4)3+NaOH→
CrCl2+NaOH→
CrCl3+NaOH→Al(NO3)3+NaOH→
MnSO4+NaOH→
Tuzlarning o’zaro ta’siri
NaCl+AgNO 3→ NaNO 3 + AgCl
KCl+AgNO3→
BaCl2+AgNO3→
Na2SO4+BaCl2→
K2SO4+Ba(NO3)2→
Na2S+CuSO4→
K2S+Zn(NO3)2→
Tuzlarning gidrolizi(suv bilan ta’siri)
Al 2S 3+H 2O→Al(OH) 3 + H 2S
AlN+H2O→
CH3COONH4+H2O→
CaC2+H2O→
Al4C3+H2O→
Cr2S3+H2O→
10. Murkkab moddalarning formulalarini topish
I. 1.Tarkibida 11,11%-H, 88,89%-O bo’lgan murakkab moddaning fo’rmulasini toping.
A)H2O2B)H2O C)H3O D)D2O
Yechish; 1) elementlar foizlarini molekulyar massasiga bo’lib nisbatlar topiladi.
H= = 11.11 mol, O= = 5,55 mol
2) moli kichik bo’lganiga bo’lib nisbat topiladi.
H = 11,11:5,55 = 2 3)murakkab moddada H=2 va O=1 demak
O = 5,55:5,55 = 1 H2O formulaga mos keladi. J:H2O
2. Kimyoviy birikma tarkibida massa ulushlari quyidagicha H-1,59 %, N-22,22 %, O-76,19 %. Shu birikmaning formulasini toping.
A)HNO3 B)HNO2 C)H2NO3 D)HNO
Yechish; 1) H= = 1,59 mol, N= = 1,59 mol, O= = 4,76 mol
2) H = 1,59:1,59 = 1 3) formulasi HNO3
N = 1,59:1,59 = 1
O = 4,76:1,59 = 3
3. Tarkibida 40% oltingugurt va 60% kislorod bo’lgan birikmaning formulasini toping.
A)SO2 B)SO C)SO3 D)SO6
4. Tarkibida 30,4% azot va 68,6% kislorod bo’lgan birikmaning formulasini toping.
A)NO2 B)NO C)N2O D)N2O3
5. 92,62% simob va 7,38% kisloroddan iborat moddaning oddiy formulasini toping.
A)HgO2 B)Hg2O C)HgO D)HgO4
6. Tarkibida 70% tеmir va 30% kislorod bo’lgan birikmaning oddiy formulasini chiqaring.
A)Fe2O3 B)FeO C)Fe3O4 D)FeO2
7. 44,82% kaliy, 18,4% oltingugurt va 36,78% kisloroddan iborat birikmaning oddiy formulasini chiqaring.
A)K2SO3 B)K2S2O3C)K2SO4 D)KSO3
8. Birikma 13,04% vodorod, 34,78% kislorod va 52,17% uglеroddan tashkil topgan. Shu birikmaning oddiy formulasini chiqaring.
A)C2H5OH B)H2CO3 C)CH3OH D)C3H7OH
9. Birikmada 22,13% alyuminiy, 25,41% fosfor va 52,46% kislorod bor. Birikmaning formulasini toping.
A)AlPO3 B)Al2(PO3)3C)AlPO4 D)Al4(P2O7)3
10. Birikmada 1,59% vodorod, 22,22% azot, 76,20% kislorod bo’lgan birikmaning haqiqiy formulasini toping.
A)HNO3 B)HNO2 C)NH4NO2 D)NH4OH
11. Tarkibida 32,4% natriy, 22,53% oltingugurt va 45,07% kislorod bo’lgan birikmaning haqiqiy formulasini aniqlang.
A)Na2SO3 B)Na2S2O3C)Na2SO4 D)NaHSO4
12. Molеkulyar massasi 85 bo’lgan moddaning elеmеntlar miqdori quyidagicha: 27,06% Na, 16,47% azot, 56,47% kislorod. Birikmaning formulasini toping.
A)NaNO2B)NaNO3 C)NaNO D)KNO3
13. Elеmеntlar mikdori: Mg-28,6%, C-14,3%, O-57,14%. Molеkulyar massasi 84 bo’lgan birikmaning formulasini toping.
A)MgCO3 B)(HCOO)2Mg C)Mg(HCO3)2 D)CaCO3
14. Elеmеntlar miqdori: Ca-29,4%, H-0,735%, P-22,8%, O-47,06% bo’lgan birikmaning haqiqiy formulasini toping.
A)Ca3(PO4)2 B)Ca(H2PO4)2C)CaHPO4 D)Ca(OH)H2PO4
15. Birikma 52,94%-A1 va 47,06%-O2dan iborat. Birikmaning molеkulyar formulasini chiqaring.
A)Al2O3 B)AlO2 C)AlO D)Al3O4
16. Birikma 2,04% H, 32,65% S va 65,3% O dan iborat.Murakkab moddaning formulasini toping.
A)H2SO3B)H2SO4 C)H2S2O3 D)H2S
17. Tarkibida 3,06%-H, 31,63%-P va 65,3%-O bor.Shu moddani formulasini toping.
A)H3PO4 B)HPO3 C)H3PO3 D)H4P2O7
18. Birikma 21,21%-N, 6,06%-H, 24,24%-S, 48,48%-O dan iborat.Xaqiqiy formulasini toping.
A)(NH4)2SO3B)(NH4)2SO4 C)NH4SO4 D)(NH4)2S2O3
19. Birikmada 38,71%-Ca, 20,0%-P va 41,29%-O dan tashkil topgan. Shu birikmaning formulasini toping.
A)Ca3(PO4)2 B)CaPO4 C)Ca(PO3)2 D)Ca3(PO3)2
20. Birikmada 27,48% magniy, 23,66% fosfor va 48,85% kislorod bor. Birikmaning oddiy formulasini chiqaring.
A)Mg3(PO4)2 B)MgPO4 C)Mg(PO3)2 D)Mg3(PO3)2
21. Tarkibida 16,08%-Me, 4,2%-C, 6,99%-H, 72,73-O bor birikmaning formulasini toping.
A)Na2CO3∙9H2O B)Na2CO3∙10H2O C)Ca(HCO3)2 D)CaCO3∙H2O
22. Tarkibida massa ulushlari quyidabicha 31,84%-Me, 39,18%-O, 28,98%-Cl, bo’lgan modaning fo’rmulasini toping.
A)KClO3 B)NaClO2 C)NaClO3 D)LiClO3
I. 11. Kristallgidratlar
I. 1. Na2HPO4∙nH2O da 11,57 % fosfor bor.shu kristalogidrat tarkibidagi n
ning qiymatini toping.
A)6 B)8 C)7 D)10
Yechish; 1-usul. 1) Na2HPO4∙nH2O molekulyar massasini topamiz.
142 18n
2) 11,57% P ───── 31 gr bo’lsa
100% da ───── x= x= = 268 gr
3) 268 gr kristalogidratning umumiy massasi undan Na2HPO4 ni massasini ayiramiz bunda H2O massasi qoladi.
4) 268-142 = 126 gr H2O bo’ladi.
5) suvning massasini molekulyar massasiga bo’lsak moli kelib chiqadi.
n = = = 7 J:Na2HPO4∙7H2O
2-usul. Tenglama bo’yicha hisoblash.
Na2HPO4∙nH2O
142 18n umumiy massa
= =
(31∙100)=(142+18n)∙11,57
3100=1642,94+208,26n
3100-1642,94=208,26n
1457,06=208,26n
n = = 7 J:Na2HPO4∙7H2O
2. CuSO4∙nH2O tarkibida 12,8% S bo’lsa shu kristalogidrat tarkibidagi n ni toping.
A)4 B)6 C)5 D)7
3. Kristal so’da tarkibida 4,2% C bo’lsa, unda necha molekula suv bo’ladi.
A)7 B)10 C)8 D)9
4. FeSO4∙nH2O kristalogidrat tarkibida 11,51% S bo’lsa n ni toping.
A)5 B)6 C)8 D)7
5. Gips tarkibida 18,6% S bo’lsa necha molekula suv bo’ladi.
A)0,5 B)2 C)5 D)
6. Na2CO3∙nH2O tarkibli kristalogidrat tarkibida 17,16% Na bo’lsa n ni qiymatini toping.
A)9 B)8 C)10 D)7
7. Quyidagi kristalogidrat tarkibida CuSO4∙nH2O 25,6% Cu bo’lsa shu kristalogidrat tarkibida necha molekula suv bo’ladi.
A)4 B)3 C)7 D)5
8. CaSO4∙nH2O tarkibida 22,07% oltingugurt bo’lsa suv molekulalarini toping.
A)1,5 B)0,5 C)2 D)3
9. Rux kuparosi tarkibida 22,65% Zn bo’lsa rux kuporosida necha molekula suv bo’ladi.
A)7 B)6 C)8 D)9
10. Glauber tuzi deb ataladigan tuz Na2SO4∙nH20 tarkibida natriyning massa ulushi 16,08% ga teng. Bu tuz tarkibida necha mol suv bor.
A)6 B)8 C)10 D)12
11. Magniy kuporosi MgSO4∙nH2O tarkibida magniyning massa ulushi 11,42% ga teng. n ning qiymatini toping.
A)4B)5 C)6 D)7
12. MgSO4∙nH2O tarkibida oltingugurtning massa ulushi 13% ga teng bo’lsa, n ning qiymati qancha bo’ladi.
A)7 B)8 C)5 D)1
13. Temir (III)-sulfat Fe2(S04)3∙nH20 tarkibida oltingugurt bilan temirning massa ulushi 37,0% ga teng bo’lsa, n ning qiymati qancha bo’ladi.
A)8 B)10 C)12D)9
14. Alyuminiy sulfat kristallgidrati Al2(S04)3∙nH20 tarkibida alyuminiyning massa ulushi 9,67% ga teng bo’lsa, n ning qiymati qancha bo’ladi.
A)10B)12 C)16 D)16
15. Alyuminiy nitrat kristallgidrati A1(N03)3∙nH20 tarkibida azotning massa ulushi 0,1239 ga teng bo’lsa, n ning qiymati qancha bo’ladi.
A)6B)7 C)8 D)9
16. Bura (tanakor) deb ataluvchi Na2B4O7∙nH20 tarkibida borning massa ulushi 0,1606 ga teng bo’lsa, n ning qiymati qancha bo’ladi.
A)2B)4 C)6 D)8
17. MgSO4 ning taxir tuz deb nomlanuvchi kristallgidrati tarkibida 51,22% suv bo’lsa, shu kristallgidrat MgSO4∙nH20 dagi n ni toping.
A)2 B)3 C)4D)7
18. Alyuminiy sulfat kristallgidrati tarkibidagi alyuminiyning massa ulushi 8,1% ga teng bo’lsa, kristallgidrat tarkibidagi suvning mollar sonini aniqlang.
A)6 B)9 C)12 D)18
19. Temir kuporosi tarkibidagi oltingugurtning massa ulushi 11,50% ni tashkil etsa kristallogidratdagi n ning qiymatini toping.
A)7 B)10 C)4 D)12
20. Marganets (II)-sulfat kristallgidrati tarkibida 24,66% marganes bo’lsa, uning formulasi qanday bo’ladi.
A)MnSO4∙H2O B)MnSO4∙3H2OC)MnSO4∙4H2O D)MnSO4∙5H2O
II.21. CuSO4∙nH2O kristalogidrat tarkibida kislorodning massa ulushi 57,6% bo’lsa, kristalogirat tarkibida necha molekula suv bor.
A)6 B)7 C)5 D)4
Yechish; 1-usul. Dioganal usuli.
1)mis sulfat va suv tarkibidagi kislorodning massa ulushlarini topamiz
CuSO4 C% = = ∙100 = 40% kislorod bor.
H2O C% = = ∙100 = 88,89% kislorod bor.
2 ) (CuSO4) 40 31,3 ─── 160 gr CuSO4 bo’lsa
57,6
(H2O) 88,89 17,6 ─── x = x = = 90 gr H2O
3) suvni molini topamiz = = 5 demak kristalogidrat tarkibida 5 molekula suv bor ekan. J:CuSO4∙5H2O
2-usul.tenglama usuli
CuSO4∙nH2O tarkibida
160 + 18n = 100% kristalogidrat desak
64 + 16n = 57,6% kislorod bor.
C% = = =
(160+18n)∙57,6 = (64+16n)∙100
9216+1036,8n = 6400+1600n
9216-6400 = 1600-1036,8n
2816 = 563,2n
n = = 5 J:CuSO4∙5H2O
22. ZnSO4∙nH2O kristalogidrat tarkibida 61,32% O2 bo’lsa,shu kristalogidrat tarkibida n ning qiymati nechchiga teng
A)7 B)6 C)5 D)8
23. Na2CO3∙nH2O kristalogidrat tarkibida 72,73% kislorod bo’lsa. n ni toping.
A)9 B)10 C)7 D)8
24. Na2SO4 ∙nH2O tarkibli kristallgidratda kislorodning massa ulushi 67,13% bo’lsa, molekulada necha mol suv bor.
A)7 B)10C)8 D)9
25. Fe2(SO4)3∙nH2O kristallogidratdagi kislorodning massa ulushi 62,33% bo’lsa, n ning qiymatini aniqlang.
A)9 B)8 C)20D)12
26. CaSO4∙nH2O tarkibli kristalogidrat tarkibida 2,32% H2 bo’lsa, n ni toping.
A)2 B)0,5 C)1,5 D)3
27. FeSO4∙nH2O kristalogidrat tarkibida 63,3% O2 bo’lsa,necha molekula suv bor.
A)8 B)5 C)7 D)6
28. Na2HPO4∙nH2O da 3,57 % vodorod bor.shu kristalogidrat tarkibidagi n
ning qiymatini toping.
A)3 B)2 C)4 D)6
29. Bura (tanakor) deb ataluvchi Na2B4O7∙nH20 tarkibida kislorodning massa ulushi 0,727 ga teng bo’lsa, n ning qiymati qancha bo’ladi.
A)11 B)12 C)4 D)10
30. CaSO4∙nH2O tarkibli kristalogidrat tarkibida 58,95% O2 bo’lsa, n ni toping.
A)2 B)0,5 C)1,5 D)3
31. Alyuminiy nitrat kristallgidrati A1(N03)3∙nH20 tarkibida kislorodning massa ulushi 0,7298 ga teng bo’lsa, n ning qiymati qancha bo’ladi.
A)3 B)12C)4 D)6
32. Temir (III)-sulfat Fe2(S04)3∙nH20 tarkibida kislorodning massa ulushi 57,79% ga teng bo’lsa, n ning qiymati qancha bo’ladi.
A)7 B)5 C)8 D)9
33. Taxir tuzi deb ataluvchi kristalogidrat tarkibida O2 ning massa ulushi 72,54% bo’lsa,shu tuzni tarkibidagi H2O miqdorini toping.
A)6 B)7 C)5 D)9
34. Na2SO4∙nH2O kristalogidrat tarkibida 67,13% O2 bo’lsa,n ni toping.
A)10 B)9 C)8 D)7
35. MgHPO4∙nH2O kristalogidrat tarkibida vodorodning massa ulushi 4,02% bo’lsa,necha molekula suv bor.
A)3 B)4 C)6 D)2
VALЕNTLIK
Valеntlik-Biror elеmеntning boshqa elеmеntlarning muayyan sondagi atomlarini biriktirib olish xususiyati. Valеntlik o`zgarmas va o`zgaruvchan bo`ladi.
Binar birikmalar dеb ikki elеmеntli birikmalarga aytiladi. M: NaCl, KF.
O’ZGARUVCHAN
|
O’ZGARMAS
|
I
|
N
|
Br
|
Y
|
J
|
Co
|
Ag
|
Cu
|
As
|
Au
|
Hg
|
Se
|
Tl
|
I
|
At
|
H
|
K
|
Li
|
Na
|
Fr
|
Tc
|
Cl
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F
|
Cs
|
Md
|
|
|
|
II
|
N
|
W
|
Ag
|
Cu
|
Ni
|
S
|
Ir
|
Pt
|
Hg
|
Fe
|
Te
|
Cr
|
II
|
Ba
|
Be
|
Ca
|
Cd
|
O
|
Zn
|
Sn
|
Pb
|
Xe
|
Sm
|
Ge
|
Mn
|
Mo
|
As
|
|
|
|
|
Sr
|
Fm
|
No
|
|
|
|
III
|
N
|
W
|
Br
|
V
|
I
|
Mn
|
Co
|
As
|
Mo
|
Ni
|
Os
|
Ir
|
III
|
Al
|
B
|
Bi
|
In
|
Pa
|
Er
|
Pt
|
Rn
|
Tl
|
Fe
|
P
|
Cl
|
Eu
|
Y
|
Sc
|
Tc
|
Tb
|
Sm
|
Lu
|
Tm
|
Ho
|
|
|
|
IV
|
N
|
w
|
Ge
|
Mn
|
As
|
Mo
|
S
|
Ru
|
Rh
|
Pd
|
Os
|
Ir
|
IV
|
Hf
|
Si
|
Th
|
Zr
|
|
|
Pt
|
Po
|
Se
|
C
|
U
|
Sn
|
Xe
|
Fe
|
Tb
|
Dy
|
Cr
|
Te
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V
|
N
|
Br
|
V
|
W
|
I
|
Co
|
Mn
|
As
|
Ru
|
Pd
|
Os
|
Ir
|
V
|
Ta
|
Nb
|
|
|
|
|
Pt
|
Re
|
Sb
|
Pm
|
Tc
|
P
|
Cl
|
Cr
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VI
|
W
|
Mo
|
S
|
Mn
|
Rh
|
Pd
|
Os
|
Ir
|
Pt
|
Po
|
Se
|
Te
|
VI
|
Np
|
|
|
|
|
|
U
|
Cr
|
Xe
|
Np
|
Am
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VII
|
Br
|
I
|
Cl
|
Co
|
Mn
|
Pm
|
Re
|
Te
|
Np
|
Am
|
Pu
|
|
VII
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VIII
|
Pu
|
Xe
|
Os
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VIII
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |