American
Journal of Human Biology
12, no. 6 (2000): 729–735.
Kelly Bedard and Elizabeth Dhuey’s data comes from “The Persistence of
Early Childhood Maturity: International Evidence of Long-Run Age Effects,”
published in the
Quarterly Journal of Economics
121, no. 4 (2006): 1437–
1472.
TWO: THE 10,000-HOUR RULE
Much of the discussion of Bill Joy’s history comes from Andrew Leonard’s
Salon
article, “BSD Unix: Power to the People, from the Code,” May 16,
2000,
http://archive.salon.com/tech/fsp/2000/05/16/chapter_2_part_one/index.html
.
For a history of the University of Michigan Computer Center, see “A Career
Interview with Bernie Galler,” professor emeritus in the Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science department at the school,
IEEE Annals of
the History of Computing
23, no. 4 (2001): 107–112.
One of (many) wonderful articles by Ericsson and his colleagues about the
ten-thousand-hour rule is K. Anders Ericsson, Ralf Th. Krampe, and Clemens
Tesch-Römer, “The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert
Performance,”
Psychological Review
100, no. 3 (1993): 363–406.
Daniel J. Levitin talks about the ten thousand hours it takes to get mastery in
This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession
(New York:
Dutton, 2006), p. 197.
Mozart’s development as a prodigy is discussed in Michael J. A. Howe’s
Genius Explained
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 3.
Harold Schonberg is quoted in John R. Hayes,
Thinking and Learning Skills
.
Vol. 2:
Research and Open Questions
, ed. Susan F. Chipman, Judith W.
Segal, and Robert Glaser (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
1985).
For chess’s exception to the rule, grandmaster Bobby Fischer, see Neil
Charness, Ralf Th. Krampe, and Ulrich Mayr in their essay “The Role of
Practice and Coaching in Entrepreneurial Skill Domains: An International
Comparison of Life-Span Chess Skill Acquisition,” in
The Road to
Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences,
Sports and Games
, ed. K. Anders Ericsson (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, 1996), pp. 51–126, esp. p. 73.
To read more about the time-sharing revolution, see Stephen Manes and Paul
Andrews’s
Gates: How Microsoft’s Mogul Reinvented an Industry—And
Made Himself the Richest Man in America
(New York: Touchstone, 1994), p.
26.
Philip Norman wrote the Beatles’ biography
Shout!
(New York: Fireside,
2003).
John Lennon and George Harrison’s reminiscences about the band’s
beginning in Hamburg come from
Hamburg Days
by George Harrison,
Astrid Kirchherr, and Klaus Voorman (Surrey: Genesis Publications, 1999).
The quotation is from page 122.
Robert W. Weisberg discusses the Beatles—and computes the hours they
spent practicing—in “Creativity and Knowledge: A Challenge to Theories” in
Handbook of Creativity,
ed. Robert J. Sternberg (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1999): 226–250.
The complete list of the richest people in history can be found at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealthy_historical_figures_2008
.
The reference to C. Wright Mills in the footnote comes from
The American
Business Elite: A Collective Portrait,
published in the
Journal of Economic
History
5 (December 1945): 20–44.
Steve Jobs’s pursuit of Bill Hewlett is described in Lee Butcher’s
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