Avtomatika va ishlab chiqarish jarayonlarini avtomatlashtirish

Глава 9. Комплексная автоматизация серийного производства……
250
9.1 Гибкая автоматизированная система…………………………….	250
9.2 Гибкая производственная система……………………………….	258
Приложение………………………………………………………………...	266
Литература…………………………………………………………………	271

TABLE OF CONTENS

	Introduction…..……………………………………………………………			11
	Chapter 1. The basic principles of automatic control……………………			13
	1.1 Model of an automatic system……………………………………….			13
	1.2 Technical means of the automatic control system…………...............			14
	1.3 Classification of the automatic control system ……………………			24
	1.4 Elemens of an automatic system …………………………………			62
	Chapter 2. Automation of production processes …………………………			68
	2.1 General information about the production process …………………			68
	2.2 Methods of automation of production processes ……………………			71
	2.3 Automation of production processes in machine building..................			77
	2.4 The main stages of automation of production ………………………			79
	2.5 Types of automatic lines ……………………………………………			87
	Chapter 3. Methods of automation of production processes…………… 3.1 The main provisions of the theory of machine performance. The			108
	theory of productivity of technological machines .................................... 3.2 Cyclic, technological and actual productivity of technological			108
	machines………………………………………………………………… 3.3 Productivity of an automatic line with varying degrees of			115
	differentiation and concentration of operations…………………………			121
	Chapter 4. Reliability of automatic lines …………………………………			131
	4.1 General ………………………...…………………………………… 4.2 The dependence of the technical and economic indicators of			131
	automatic lines from the reliability of ………………..………………… Chapter 5. Automation of loading, transportation and warehousing of			136
	producs in the conditions of automated production ………...…………			145
	5.1 Target mechanisms of automatic lines………...……………………			145
	5.2 Loading mechanisms………………...................................................			147
	5.3 Classification of automatic boot devices…………………….............			150
Chapter 6. Orientation of producs in space ……………………………		166
6.1 Orientation methods and technical means …………………………		166
6.2 Orientation of producs in space …………………………………..		171
6.3 Mechanisms for laying sheet materials ……………………….......... Chapter 7. Automation of boot processes. Transportation of producs		172
using robos, car operators and trolleys……………………......................		184
7.1 Classification of robos ……………………………………...……… 7.2 Target mechanisms of robots. Clamping devices of industrial		184
robos…………………………………………………………………….		193
7.3 Shipment mechanisms and auto operators …………………………. Chapter 8. Automation of assembly and control of technological		197
processes…………………………………………………………………….		199
8.1 Assembly processes in mechanical engineering ……………………		199
8.2 Classification of the connection of pars ……………………………		202
8.3 automation of assembly processes …………………………………		221
8.4 Automatic control of additional dimensioning....................................		233
8.5 Automated control methods ………………………………………... 8.6 Monitoring and diagnostics in an automated production		241
environment……………………………………………………………...		246
Chapter 9. Integrated automation of mass production …………………		250
9.1 Flexible automated system ………………………………………….		250
9.2 Flexible production system ……………………………………….		258
Application……………………………………………………………......		266
Literature……………………………………………………………………		271

KIRISH
Hozirgi kunda mashinasozlik korxonalarining jadal sur’atlarda ishlashini va ishlab chiqariladigan mahsulotlarni dunyo bozorida raqobatlasha olishini ta’minlash maqsadida texnologik usullarning samaradorligi, jihozlarning ishonchliligi va ularning aniqligini oshirish hamda keng ko’lamda avtomatlashtirish muhim ahamiyatga ega.
Innovasion g’oyalar va texnologiyalarni takomilashtirish hamda yaratish bugungi kunning asosiy vazifalaridan hisoblanadi. Hozirgi kunda fan-texnika, balki butun jamiyat taraqqiyotini avtomatlashtirishsiz tasavvur qilish qiyin, chunki avtomatlashtirilgan texnologiyalar qo’llanilmaydigan biror-bir sohani topish juda qiyin.
Rivojlangan davlatlarning ishlab chiqarish sanoati faoliyati va ularda texnologik jarayonlarni nazorat qilish hamda boshqarishning o’ziga xos hususiyatlaridan kelib chiqqan holda zamonaviy ilmiy-texnik taraqqiyotining rivojlanishi konsepsiyasi sanoatning barcha tarmoqlarida Yuqori unumdorlikka ega, ishonchli, tejamkor texnologik jihozlarni yaratishda zamonaviy texnologiyalarni keng ko’lamda qo’llanishini ta’minlash dolzarb muammolardan biri bo’lib hisoblanadi. Bu borada rivojlangan chet el mamlakatlarida, ya’ni AQSH, Germaniya, Yaponiya, Janubiy Koreya, Xitoy, Rossiya va boshqa davlatlarda ma’lum Yutuqlarga erishilgan bo’lib, ularda ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oshirish, mahsulotlar sifati va raqobatbardoshligini ta’minlash uchun mashinasozlik korxonalarida texnologik jarayonlarni boshqarish va avtomatlashtirishga alohida e’tibor qaratilmoqda.
Fan vatexnikani so’ngi yillarda uzluksiz rivojlvnib borishi ishlab chiqarish korxonalarida mahsulotlarni turi tez-tez o’zgarishi, ishlab chiqarish ob’ektlari almashinib, yangi turdagi mahsulotlarni o’zlashtirish muddatlarini qisqarishiga olib kelmoqda. Bu o’z navbatida avtomatlashtirilgan texnologik va yordamchi jihozlarni hamda ularning boshqarish tizimlarini loyixalash va hisoblash usullarini rivojlantirishni talab etadi. Yalpi va seriyali ishlab chiqarishda avtomatlashtirilgan mashinalar tizimini yaratish va ularni korxonalarga tatbiq etish murakkab va mehnatni ko’p talab qiladigan masala hisoblanadi.
Loyihanayotgan avtomatik liniyalar qancha murakkab bo’lsa, ularni o’rnatish variantlari shuncha ko’p bo’ladi. Bu o’z navbatida texnik masalalarni yechimi ularni loyixalash bosqichini bajarish davridan boshlanadi.
Avtomatlashtirilgan mashina tizimlarini loyihalashda ularning strukturasi va kompanovkasi variantlariga, prinsipial sxemalariga, samaradorlik, ishonchlilik, iqtisodiy effektivligi hisoblariga asoslanadi.
Mashinasozlikning avtomatlashtirish darajasi xozirgi kunda avtomatlashtirilgan mashinalar tizimlarini yaratishga qaratilgan bo’lib, ishlab chiqarishning har xil bosqichlarini – zagotovka tayyorlashdan yig’ishgacha bo’lgan jaryonlarni o’z ichiga oladi. Bunda avtomatlashtirishni markazi yalpi ishlab chiqarishdan seriyali ishlab chiqarish tomon o’tib borishi bilan asoslanadi. Bu o’z navbatida yordamchi texnologik jarayonlarni ham avtomatlashtirish va mexanizasiyalashtirish va iqtisodiy, tashkiliy hamda boshqaruv tizimi masalalarini yechimini topish bilan bog’liq.
Kompleks avtomatlashtirish doimiy ravishda texnik uskunalar(raqamli dasturda boshqarish tizimlari va dasturlari; oddiy mexanizmlardan elektron boshqaruv tizimlarigacha)ni takomillashtirib, bir tizimga keltirish usullaridan foydalanilgan holda ularning avtomatlashtirishning har bir bosqichida umumiy usullardan foydalanishni ko’zda tutadi. Bu o’z navbatida bir necha xildagi avtomatik liniyalarni loyihalash imkonini beradi. Demak, texnik taraqqiyotning rivojlanishini belgilovchi – mashinasozlikda mashina va mexanizmlarni loyixalashda va ularni ishlatishda tadqiqotning ilmiy asoslari namoyon bo’ladi.