Bog'liq Automotive Coatings Formulation Ulrich Poth - Chemistry, Physics und Practices (2008, Vincentz Network) - libgen.li
colour-management concept , suppliers of repair coats
also offer electronic measuring equipment (colorimeters) for determining colour location and
automatically calculating the corresponding recipe for the topcoat or basecoat. Furthermore, large
suppliers of repair coatings offer their customers training programs on how to prepare and faith-
fully reproduce the colours of repair topcoats and basecoats with the aid of computer programs.
The computer programs contain mixing formulas for all colours, listed by passenger car model
and year of manufacture.
At this point, a hint on the special use of such tinting base colours should be given. The availabil-
ity of such base colours has inspired persons with artistic ambitions. They blend various colours
together to create fantasy hues so that they can customize their cars with figures, abstract paintings
and decorations. They apply the paints with very small pneumatic spray guns called spray brushes.
Like automotive OEM basecoats, solvent-borne repair basecoats are the largest source of solvent
emissions in repair coating. High-solid solvent-borne basecoats for repair coatings are particularly
problematic in this regard. Since such basecoats contain lower quantities of physical drying resins
and low-molecular combination resins, their drying properties are worse. And, if the repair sys-
tems are not stoved, crosslinking does not take place in the basecoats, and the resistance proper-
ties are also inadequate. This situation led to the development of water-borne repair basecoats.
However, unlike the case for water-borne OEM basecoats, it took a relatively long time for water-
borne basecoats to be launched onto the repair coatings market. There were different reasons for
this. First of all, it is much more difficult to apply water-borne basecoats and reproduce the colour
of the original coating. It is essential to perfectly maintain all the application conditions, more so
than is the case for solvent-borne basecoats. Any variations in application conditions (throughput
of paint material, quantity of spray air and auxiliary air, temperature, atmospheric humidity, air fall
velocity) will influence the colours and effects of water-borne repair basecoats much more than for
solvent-borne basecoats. However, there is more time available to apply basecoats than there is for
OEM basecoats. More time can thus be allowed for basecoat spraying, this allowing a lower mate-
rial feed and greater air feed (drier spraying), which contributes extensively to the desired effect.
Water-borne repair basecoats are more difficult to mix optimally and mechanical stirring equip-
ment is needed (mechanised stirrers). It is particularly important to consider the stability of
water-borne repair basecoats. The resins must be much more saponification resistant than those
for water-borne OEM basecoats. The effect substances, especially aluminium pigments, must be
stabilised against water (for lengthy periods of time, high pH values and probably elevated tem-
peratures). The various suppliers of water-borne repair basecoats have met these requirements
by adopting different strategies. They all offer multi-component systems. For example, there is a
three-component system
[183]
comprising a series of aqueous tinting pastes of coloured pigments (1),
a small series of water-thinnable effect substance pastes that contain only organic solvents (2), and
an aqueous resin dispersion (3) for letting down all premixed formulations of the first two series.
The main resins for aqueous repair basecoats are polyurethane dispersions and secondary or
primary acrylic dispersions. These are almost all exclusively aqueous systems that have been
stabilised anionically or with surfactants. The rheological additives are aqueous dispersions of
crosslinked acrylic resin (microgels), polyurethane thickeners, and water-swellable silicates with
a layer crystal lattice.
Although the different components of the basecoat system (pigment pastes, effect substances
pastes) still contain solvent, legislative restrictions on emissions reduction (VOC values) can be
met
[163]
. On 1 January 2007, the VOC limit in the EU for repair basecoats was reduced to 420 g
solvent per litre basecoat (application viscosity). As a result, water-borne basecoats – which were
Repair coatings
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introduced tentatively at first – are currently spreading throughout the market in Europe and are
set to become the standard systems. The VOC limit is not achievable with other systems. Solvent-
borne repair basecoat are still in use in the USA and other countries.