4.1 Surfaces and treatments
Optimum pretreatment is the secret to automotive repair coating. The workflow consists in:
•
repairing dents by panel beating
•
replacing body parts and attached parts (welding, bolting, bonding)
•
cleaning damaged areas
•
sanding the surfaces to be repaired
•
masking the areas around the surfaces to be repaired
Beating out dents is laborious manual work. It is naturally impossible to obtain a perfectly
smooth surface that way. The remaining uneven parts must smoothed with putty. On account of
the huge effort involved, it is becoming more and more common to use spare parts (mudguards,
bumpers, doors, bonnets, boot lids, hatchbacks) so as to circumvent the need for beating. Replac-
ing body parts is the easier solution. Body parts made of steel are mostly welded. Other metal
parts are bolted on or bonded with adhesives. In most cases, the attached body parts are already
primed. However, the repair topcoat is applied after attachment of the part to the car body to
ensure that the colour and effect match the surrounding surfaces.
Dents on shaped parts cannot be beaten out either and are smoothed with putties. For perform
optimum adhesion of paint layers on metal body parts, the surface has to be cleaned carefully.
All traces of oil and grease, rust and scale must be removed completely. There should be no
economies in this regard. The best way to prepare surfaces for optimum adhesion of the repair
coatings is to sand the entire area. The surfaces to which the first repair coating will be applied
can vary considerably: bare metal, plastic, the primer used for attached parts, and different
layers of the original coating.
Finally, the area surrounding the surface to be coated is masked. On one hand, the masking
material must be resistant to the repair coating materials and process and, on the other, it must
be easy to remove, without damage to the coated surface, after the repair coating has been
applied. It is best to extend the area for repair coating to a joint in the structure. In that event,
the very sensitive human eye does not perceive minor colour and effect differences.
4.2 Primers
Primers for repair coatings must provide optimum adhesion to the different types of surface
mentioned above. In addition, they have to protect bare metal (steel) against corrosion. In the
past, repair primers were based on oxidatively drying binders (e.g. linseed-modified alkyd res-
ins). Active corrosion-protection pigments were also used. Oxidatively drying resins have very
long drying times. Active corrosion-protection pigments may no longer be used in paints due
to their toxicity and poor environmental compatibility. Currently, most repair primers consist
of two-component coating systems containing low-viscosity
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