Automotive Coatings Formulation: Chemistry, Physics und Practices


particles and flakes of corn-flake aluminium pigments



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Automotive Coatings Formulation Ulrich Poth - Chemistry, Physics und Practices (2008, Vincentz Network) - libgen.li

Figure 3.7.8: SEM micrographs of particles and flakes of corn-flake aluminium pigments
Figure 3.7.9: SEM micrographs of particles and flakes of silver-dollar aluminium pigments
Figure 3.7.10: Particle size distribution (flake diameters) of a typical aluminium pigment
Automotive OEM coatings


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The process for preparing aluminium pigments is by now well optimized. It is possible by special 
means to prepare spherical particles which have nearly the same diameter. Such particles are 
shaped very carefully to form flakes that have very smooth edges and look like very small coins. 
These are therefore called “silver dollar” aluminium pigments 
[128]
(see SEM micrographs of both 
types in Figure 3.7.9). Such aluminium pigments have been available since the late 1980s.
The more uniform the aluminium pigment particles are and the smaller the particle size distribu-
tion is, the more brilliant is the effect of the basecoat made there from. Aluminium pigments are 
classified and traded in specific particle sizes. Aluminium flakes for automotive paints have aver-
age diameters between 3 and 25 µm. The flake thicknesses are 0.2 to 1.0 µm. Figure 3.7.10 shows 
the particle size distribution (flake diameters) of a typical aluminium pigment for OEM coatings. 
Increasing average flake diameters of aluminium pigments in basecoats of the same pigment 
volume concentration lead to increasing brilliance, increasing lightness in plan view, and a 
more pronounced flip-flop effect. However, hiding power and distinctness of image (DOI) are 
diminished. Customers in the USA prefer sparkling effects within the coating layers. These are 
obtained by using aluminium pigment with rather large flake particles. If the flakes have large 
diameters but low thicknesses, the pigments are sensitive to mechanical stress. Where shearing 
stress occurs in the pumps or reducing valves in the circulation lines during application, pigment 
particles can become deformed, lose their effect and change colour. Where application equipment 
is fitted with centrifugal pumps instead of piston pumps (mainly in the USA), the aluminium pig-
ments employed must be of adequate flake thickness if deformation is to be avoided. One such 
example is ETR pigments.

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