Audit and economical analysis

Table 173

Consolidated   balance sheet   railways of Uzbekistan

 

Indicators	2018 2017.
ACTIVE	01-January  2017	01-Apr  2017	01-July  2017	01-Oct2017	01-January  2018
1. Long-term assets	10,219,731  945	11,151,959  813	11,195,178  476	11,778   032 823	12,593 199,960
Initial value of basic tools	10,527,417  487	11 341 824  771	13,056,620  251	13 186   532,286	14,773,593,626
Depreciation of fixed assets	3,423,307  367	3,788,793  507	3,945,211  086	4,125   679 858	4,320,658,666
Residual value of fixed assets	7 104 110    120	7 553 031  264	9 111 409   165	9,060   852 428	10 452 934 960
Residual value of intangible assets	417   151	335   519	526   894	435 179	345 379
Capital investment	2 834 711 892	3 308 810 890	1 783 170 063	2,396   325 565	1 572 602 311
Other long-term assets	280 492   782	289,782     140	300 072   354	320 419 651	567 317 310
2. Current assets	2 978 372 713	3,522,490,664	4,234,880,927	10,571   776 648	11 683 693 105
Productive reserves	819 530 511	761 929 334	807 974 274	805 958 807	1,047,437,972
Future expenses	1,366,091  169	1 926 260  257	2,439,824  162	8,466   493,743	8 441 062 224
Cash	171,917,383	167 990 329	198 395 625	199 248 750	468 669 767
Other Current assets	117 495   315	114 011   429	118,290   042	112 380 694	160 480 738
Total debtors	503 338 335	552 299 315	670,396,824	987 694 654	1 566 042 404
Including:
Settlements with clients and clients	163 855     350	162,134   584	179,194   017	304 669 491	268,038,094
Advance payments to the budget	7,740   384	6,510   004	8,801   153	5,388,750	5,252,951
Total Assets	13 198 104 658	14 674 450 477	15 430 059 403	22 349 809 471	24,276,893,065
Passive	01-January  2017	01-Apr  2017	01-July  2017	01-Oct2017	01-January  2018
1. Own source of funds	7,745,794  466	8,567,616  791	8,644,944  914	8,963,743     430	10 124 233 076
Authorized capital	614,384,306	614,384,306	614,384,306	614,384,306	828 202 670
Reserve capital	5,737,851,427	6 360 555 463	6,480,827,061	6,590,448,428	8 121 422 920
Retained benefits	507 693   607	416,753   023	344 928   794	160,996,840	223 400 675
Other Resources	885 865 126	1 175 923 999	1 204 804 753	1 597 873 856	951 206 811
2. Obligations	5 452 310 192	6 106 833 686	6,785,114,489	13,386,066,041	14,152,659,989
Long-termBankLoans	4,675,490  146	5,329,297  527	5,927,142  095	12,154,367,349	12 304 013 149
Other Liabilities	14,744,216	12,729,877	10,091,394	9,142,953	8,878,479
Total Liabilities	762 075   830	764 806   282	847 881   000	1,222,555,739	1 839 768 361
Including:
Obligations to suppliers and contractors	219,818   890	177,094   949	250 590   908	306,494,641	514 650 184
Budget commitments	20,798     130	35,632   293	40,718   997	40,080,238	62 317 043
Total balance liabilities	13 198 104  658	14,674,450  477	15 430 059  403	22 349 809 471	24,276,893,065

 

 

Report on the execution of the financial statements of JSC "Uzbek Railways"

(2016-2017)

Ratingfor name	2017	2016
Net sales of products (goods, works and services) (NDS fabric)	5 180 801 340	3,362,225,550
Cost of goods sold (goods, works and services)	3,191,287,162	2,474,622,038
Gross profit from sales of products (goods, works and services)	1,989,514,178	887 603 512
Period expenses	752 744 444	568 302 199
Other operating expenses	178 630 359	135 306 333
Benefits of core business	1 415 400 093	454,607,646
Financing costs	833 455 050	159 047 300
Income from financial activities	506 789 162	269 ​​112 080
Profit from profit (profit) can be obtained up to the threshold	1,088,734,205	564,672,426
Benefits and Losses	0	0
Income tax (profit)	30,730,577	16 304 363
Other taxes and fees	83 965 344	40 674 456
Net profit for the reporting period	974 038 284	507 693 607

Theme 8.  Receivables and payables analysis
1. Content of receivable and payables analysis and goal and objectives of their analysis.

2. Formation of receivables and payables.

3. Analysis of receivables on structure and time.

4. Comparition analysis of receivable dynamics with its results on efficiencies (on circulation and return).

5. Mechanisms of taking appropriate management decisions on reducing receivable and creditors.

6. Analysis of overdue receivable and payables.

7. Analysis of reserves on receivable and payable. 

Key words and phrases: receivables, payables, solvency, financial flexibility, operating activities, investing activities, financing activities, doubtful receivables, overdue.

Content of receivable and payables analysis and goal and objectives of their analysis

 Continuous analysis of receivables and payables   aims to strengthen payment discipline,   implementation of measures to eliminate  overdue receivables and payables   , the improvement of the system of payments and settlements between business entities, the timely payment of taxes and obligatory payments to the budget and state funds to ensure the budget and state trust funds,   to reduce debt and prevent occurrence   possible target debtness, manage the beads.

Receivables and obligations (debts) on   basis of analysis of various segments of the economy, industry, etc. ,   to improve the bookkeeping mechanism   all business entities, as well as banking and financial institutions, payment discipline and their payment on time,  to guarantee, taxes and obligatory payments in full   can install   effective control over the strict observance of current legislation on payment.

 Analysis of the status of receivables and payables of business entities, timeliness of enterprises and organizations   requires increasing the role and importance of subjects   for the systematic organization of the comparison of overdue debts and the adoption of effective measures to reduce them. He   also improve macroeconomic performance   to prevent the debtor from arising, rational use of working capital and timely repayment of these obligations by business entities.   This, in turn, is a prerequisite for socio-economic development.

Work with the   debtors and debtors   is an   a bit daunting.   The fact that they are related to the other side does not always give an advantage.   Here is what analysts need to do:

First of all, analysis should   follow the financial and economic   condition   premises,   inventory   financial assets   and   commitments. First of all, need to determine fact of debt, its amount, basis and timing of its occurrence.  

 Secondly, there is a need to select a debt repayment approach. Legislative norms allow the creditor at his discretion to take precautionary measures, apply to the judicial indebtedness order or directly apply to the claim for debt recovery It also provides opportunities.

 Third the declarant's statement to collect the chosen strategy (for the debtor to court documents, necessary for the fulfillment of the playlist, etc.) are carried out in accordance with long-term to put out specific actions to address current confusion regarding  implementing or mitigating its measures must be taken⁴⁰.

The law establishes that accounts receivable from 90 days from the date of occurrence are considered overdue receivables⁴¹.  The existence of this in the company will result in fines for officials from 10 to 15 minimum wage.⁴²   

Therefore, overdue receivables   may cause problems for   enterprise managers.

We should mention that months   what   these   conditions must be completed by the contractor begins at   that moment. Therefore, to solve the problem   the parties will need to supplement the supplementary agreement on the extension of the term of the contractual obligations. Debitor time  court proceedings initiated   with the development and application of coercive measures,   introduced generally not required.   

Liabilities received in   for a long time and   big collection   attempts or   that such behavior is useless to admit   what   debt cancellation, in   depending on the area   to prevent the occurrence   b   - ul   trends. That is, borrowing is unacceptable only after the occurrence of this debt. What you need to do. First of all,   stage   the conclusions   contractual contract   can be performed taking into account the exact amount of the obligations and obligations of the parties.   These conditions will be an additional guarantee of loss of money in case of arrears.     

The debtor and creditors are our strategic partners. They should be treated without legal or social norms. No one wants to break off relations with their partners. Therefore, when analyzing the receivables and the liability of the creditor, it is important to give priority to the structure of the deposit and the history of their continuous operations. First of all, you need to look for reasons for borrowing with a partner, and then a partner.

Borrowing not only contributes to economic relations, but also social life, social relations. Relations with individuals and legal entities is not a problem of separate objects, but also a problem of the whole economy and society. Therefore, it is important to pay close attention to issues such as their occurrence, duration, validity and protection. The increase in debt affects the financial situation, the composition of enterprises, the impossibility of payment. As a result, the viability and viability of the enterprise will be difficult.

Obligations of debtors are defined as the period of time required for a party to pay for an enterprise (separate divisions, branches and affiliates, employees, suppliers and contractors, taxes and other obligatory payments to the budget, earmarked state funds and insurance premiums, shares in the authorized capital of the founders).

Debtor's obligations are defined as the counterparty (divisions, affiliates and dependent companies, employees, suppliers and contractors, taxes and other mandatory payments to the budget, targeted government funds and insurance premiums the company shall be obliged to pay short-term liabilities to the enterprise on its share in the charter capital of the founders.

The obligation consists of certain relations of civil law, through which one person (debtor) is invited to act in the interests of the creditor in a certain way, transfer property, perform work, pay, pay or refrain from any actions.⁴³

Obligations arise or arise because of the contract, damages and other grounds stipulated by the Civil Code.

Obligations arise as a result of non-compliance with the provisions of economic agreements.

An agreement is a contract that will be undertaken by one of the parties in the term of the contract entrusted with the transfer of goods, works or services in the area of entrepreneurship, and the other party undertakes to accept goods, works, services and to pay their remuneration.

Arrears   the economic entity is charged with official or improper performance, according to its enterprise it is incompatible with the purpose of money and other property,   used in violation of payment discipline, holding the subject to bankruptcy or contractual relations in case of other violations occur,

The conditions of the debtor and creditor can mean increase and decrease, addition and subtraction, as well as income and expenses.  Its name is mainly based on the balancing asset and passive components, the accountability of assets to passive and passive types.

When analyzing receivables and payables, the content of the analysis consists of a study of the volume, composition, occurrence of liabilities, volatility of liabilities, assessment of tax liabilities, reasons for the occurrence and termination of liabilities, balance of liabilities ,

Among the tasks of the analysis of receivables and payables:

- evaluation of accurate, complete and timely calculation of cash flows and cash flows;

- assessment of strict compliance with bills and payment discipline;

- determination of the composition, types and types of obligations and terms of payments of creditors;

- assessment of past debit and payables, their share in total liabilities;

- sale of goods on credit, evaluation of obligations for various forms of accounting;

- studying the status of the targeted use of bank loans and loans, as well as covering current liabilities on them;

- evaluation of current and future tax rates in the enterprise (form of accounts, change in exchange rates, etc.) On the emergence and approval of obligations for the sale of goods (goods, works and services) abroad.

The information necessary for the analysis is obtained from the Statement of Financial Position, Balance Sheet, Balance Sheets and Balance Sheet, as well as balance sheets and financial statements.   In addition, internal financial analysis uses the general ledger, account registers, debt securities, receivables and credit certificates and other sources.

Receivables and liabilities of direct business between the end   of books   accounts   will be   come with.   Here are the reasons   their  occurrence:

- the most important reason for the emergence of debt is the fact that business entities do not have solvency and financial status.  Receivables and payables are characterized by an increase in their volumes, overdue maturity of assets and their low liquidity;

- failure to comply with the contractual relationship will also lead to an increase in debt and creditors' debts;   one of the organizational reasons;

- one of the main reasons for the occurrence of obligations is the condition of non-affiliation with the transfer of ownership of money and mutual payments for the sale of goods (goods, works and services) to another person;

- comparison with modern requirements and forms of trade and financial activities, as well as the fact that the calculation of debt rules, strict regulation of borrowing also increases the debt. That is, the amount of expenses incurred on the fact that the state of the debts, but not for the occurrence of debt;

- one of the main reasons for the overdue increase in maturities and repayment is the lack of a borrowing culture from these individuals and legal entities. Unfortunately, it is unlikely that it will be delayed, postponed or repaid, even if there is a risk of repayment of the debt.