Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR)
https://www.tarj.in
463
AJMR
How this effect affects different aspects of photosynthetic activity, how the rate of synthesis of
pigments involved in this process changes, especially if the plants are in the dark, and then
transferred to the light - to get an answer to these and other questions - the purpose of our
experiments with young vegetable soybean and bean plants [12].
The main photosynthetically active components of plant leaves are green pigments - chlorophylls
a
and
b
. Optical properties and photochemical activity of chlorophylls are determined by the
chemical structure of their molecules, which allows absorbing solar energy and using it for the
biosynthesis of organic substances [11].
Environmental conditions, primarily light, have a strong influence on the functional activity of
plants, which is reflected in their pigment apparatus. The content and ratio of pigments are
determined by many external and internal factors, the action of which is integrated into the
activities of two processes - biosynthesis and pigment degradation [2].
According to the authors [8] also note that in conditions of chloride salinity, the strength of the
bond of chlorophyll with the protein-lipid complex decreases.
The authors [5] in experiments with bean leaves obtained data that show that weak sulfate and
chloride salinity contributes to the strengthening of the bond of the pigment of the protein
complex. The authors suggest that proteins protect chlorophyll from destruction and stabilize the
complex under the influence of salinization. With an increase in the concentration of salts, the
strength of the bond decreases.
Photosynthetic activity of plants depends on many external factors, and the main ones are
lighting conditions, the presence of carbon dioxide, ambient temperature, water supply and
mineral nutrition. Environmental factors, acting on individual reactions of photosynthesis, cause
a change in the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus as a whole, which ultimately determines
the overall productivity of plants [7].
In conditions of soil salinity, photosynthesis undergoes significant changes as a result of the
toxic and osmotic influence of salts. At the same time, with the direct impact of excessive
salinity on photosynthetic processes, other changes in metabolism, in particular, the water
regime, occur.
Some authors [6] note a decrease in the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of cultivated plants
under the influence of chloride salinity, others [10] - an increase in the content of chlorophyll
and some stability of the content of chlorophyll b. They associate a change in the amount of
chlorophyll with the degree of salt resistance of plants, as well as with the quality and quantity of
salinity of the substrate.
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