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The voluminous manuscripts of the original are said to have been destroyed and lost during the
conquests of Alexander the Great and the Arabs.The present Avesta that survived
was assembled
and copied out in
1374 and now is preserved in the library in Copenhagen.
In Abu Rayhan Beruni's work "Monuments of the Past" we find the following information about
the Avesta:
“
In the treasury of King Darius, son of Darius, there was a manuscript (Avesta) written in gold
on the twelve thousand pieces of cow skins.It was burned by Alexander (Alexander the Great -
Z.Kh.) when he destroyed the temple of fire and killed the priests.Therefore, since then (from the
Avesta) about three-fifths of it disappeared. (Completely) it consisted of thirty "nasks"(books),
and what is now in their hands is (about) twelve nasks.Nask is the name of the part (Avesta), as
we call the Seventh parts of the Quran. [
1
, p.
207
]
The belief in the victory of goodness in the face of Ahura Mazda in the eternal struggle between
good and evil, light and darkness is the core concept of Zoroastrianism. So, the world is built on
paradoxes: in the physical world - light and darkness, in the nature - life and death, in the
spiritual life - constant contradictions between good and evil. The symbol of Virtue and its
creator Ahura Mazda continues to create goodness among people, whereas Ahriman, the
follower of vice fights against it and leads people to evil. The result of this struggle depends on
man consciously standing on the side of goodness. Ideas that call for goodness are the essence of
Zoroastrianism, so a person should have a good idea, a good word, and a good deed. Only then
virtue will triumph over evil. Ahura Mazda says about goodness and kindness in the
Avesta:"Good is only for those who lead others to goodness."[
2
, p.
18
]
In Zoroastrianism land, water, air, and nature are revered, and the one who owns open and
undeveloped land and turns it into a garden receives divine grace, and conversely, those who
destroy gardens, crops, and irrigation facilities fall into great sin. “Zoroaster asked the god Ahura
Mazda:
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One!
Who is the fourth that rejoices the Earth with greatest joy?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is he who cultivates most corn, grass, and fruit, O Spitama
Zarathu
s
tra!
Who waters ground that is dry, or dries ground that is too wet.[
3
, p.
723
]
On this point, the German philosopher Gegel commented on Zoroastrianism in the following
way:” It is a religion of light and mercy. It is against evil and darkness. The struggle of light with
evil is the struggle of life with death. Zoroastrianism calls for the development of the world and
the survival of life, planting crops, raising pets, and looking after the land.” [
4
, p.
185
]Hegel
considers Zoroastrianism to be a religion of nature, a religion of existence, but an idea that
embodies the destiny of mankind. This is a unique manifestation of the philosophical
understanding and study of the harmony between the philosophy of the Avesta and human life,
nature and the universe.
According to the philosopher`s concept Zoroastrianism is recognized an educator and
propagandist of human qualities such as creativity, hardworking and constructional skills.It is
noteworthy that in the Avesta the question of the integrity of being, the harmony of human life
with nature is closely connected with the spiritual world of man.This situation is viewed in terms
ISSN: 2278-4853 Vol 10, Issue 9, September, 2021 Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 = 7.699
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