Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR)
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AJMR
of subcutaneous adipose tissue is 10% less than that of girls. The torso of the boys is slightly
shorter and the arms and legs are longer than those of the girls.
In older schoolchildren, the process of ossification of most of the skeleton is almost completed.
The growth of tubular bones increases in width and slows down in length. The chest develops
intensively, especially in young men. The skeleton is capable of withstanding significant loads.
The development of the bone apparatus is accompanied by the formation of muscles, tendons,
ligaments. Muscles develop evenly and quickly, which increases muscle mass and strength. At
this age, there is an asymmetry in the increase in muscle strength of the right and left half of the
body. This implies a targeted impact (with a large bias on the left side) with the aim of
symmetrical development of the muscles of the right and left sides of the trunk. At this age, there
are favorable opportunities for developing muscle strength and endurance.
In girls, in contrast to boys, there is a significantly lower increase in muscle mass, the shoulder
girdle lags noticeably in development, but the pelvic girdle and pelvic floor muscles are
intensively developing. The chest, heart, lungs, lung capacity, respiratory muscle strength,
maximum pulmonary ventilation and oxygen consumption are also less developed than in young
men. Due to this, the functional capabilities of the circulatory and respiratory organs are much
lower in them.
The heart of young men is 10-15% larger in volume and mass than that of girls; the pulse is less
frequent by 6-8 beats / min., the heart contractions are stronger, which leads to a greater release
of blood into the vessels and a higher blood pressure. Girls breathe more often and not as deeply
as young men; the vital capacity of their lungs is about 100 cm3 less.
At the age of 15-17, the formation of the cognitive sphere ends in schoolchildren. The greatest
changes occur in mental activity. Children of senior school age increase the ability to understand
the structure of movements, accurately reproduce and differentiate individual (power, temporal
and spatial) movements, and to carry out motor actions in general.
High school students can show a fairly high volitional activity, for example, perseverance in
achieving a goal, the ability to be patient against the background of fatigue and fatigue.
However, girls' courage decreases, which creates certain difficulties in physical education.
The study of scientific and methodological literature allows us to state that some of the exercises
that teachers use when assessing the physical fitness of schoolchildren has not been tested for
compliance with the requirements of the standardization criterion. At the same time, many
aspects related to the assessment of students' physical fitness remain insufficiently developed.
These include, in particular:
- Lack of a clear understanding of the importance of height and weight indicators in various
motor tasks;
- The influence of age-related characteristics of somatic indicators on the effectiveness of tests
has not been sufficiently studied;
- Many recommendations for assessing the physical fitness of students do not have sufficient
experimental justification;
- Lack of a unified normative base for assessing the level of physical development and physical
fitness of young men;
ISSN: 2278-4853 Vol 10, Issue 9, September, 2021 Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 = 7.699
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