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Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR)
https://www.tarj.in
616
AJMR
countries and requires very large investments to solve it. In many countries, injuries in the
structure of causes of death of the population follows cardiovascular and oncological diseases,
and TBI ranks first in terms of the total economic and medical and social damage inflicted on
society [2,3].
For example, in Russia, 35 thousand people die annually as a result of road accidents (road
accidents), and most of them are people of working age. [3,4], Currently, the epidemiological
aspects of TBI in various regions of the world are covered in detail in many scientific papers.
The analysis of the available data draws attention to the significant fluctuations in the prevalence
of these injuries, which varies from 100 to 800 per 100 thousand population.The study of the
epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in various countries has shown that about 70 million
people receive a traumatic brain injury in the world every year. Per 1000 population in China, it
is 7.3%, in the USA - 5.3%, in Russia - 4%, in Scotland - 1.1% [5, 11].
1.6 million people receive TBI every year in the USA: 51 thousand of them die, and 124
thousand become disabled for life or for a long time. In Russia, about 600 thousand people
receive TBI annually, 50 thousand of them die, the same number becomes officially disabled, but
in fact their number is much higher. In Russia, the number of people with disabilities due to TBI
exceeds 2 million [1, 6]. In Uzbekistan, according to the Institute of Health, the number of
mechanical injuries per 100,000 populations is more than 3,000; in some regions of the country
this figure is even higher. According to the number of TBI, this figure exceeds 592 cases per
year per 100 thousand populations. In our country, traumatism ranks second among the causes of
temporary disability and disability after diseases of the circulatory system. Injuries are more
common in people of working age (18-60 years) - 59.9% of cases, 36.9% occur in children and
adolescents. Of the total number of injuries, 30-40% are isolated TBI [1, 12]. According to world
statistics, about 60% of TBI are the result of road accidents, 20-30% are caused by falls, about
10% by violence and 10% are industrial and sports injuries [7, 10]. In the structure of the causes
of TBI, both in our republic and in Russia, household injuries dominate (40-50%), road transport
accounts for 30-40%, the share of industrial and sports accounts for 4-12%. At the same time,
people in a state of alcoholic intoxication experience injuries 2.3-3 times more often [8, 15]
There are discrepancies regarding the prevalence data in the USA. So, according to one source,
103 cases per year are recorded in this country, according to other data, the prevalence of TBI
varies from 132 to 367 cases per 100 thousand population. At the same time, the results of the
most recent studies indicate that according to similar data from reports on outpatient and
inpatient care and reports on pre-hospital mortality, 538 cases per 100 thousand population were
recorded. [12,19] The assessment of the prevalence of TBI in the EU countries, conducted on the
basis of 23 national and regional epidemiological studies, showed that this indicator averages
235 cases per 100 thousand population per year [14,18]
According to most authors, TBI is more common in men than in women. The male/female ratio
among patients with TBI varies from 2:1 to 3:1, 4:1 and more. The greatest disproportion in the
prevalence of TBI between men and women, exceeding the average, is detected in the age groups
of 20-24 years and corresponds to a ratio of 1:4.27 [9], i.e., according to statistics, men receive
this type of injury 2-4 times and more often than women in almost all age groups, with the
exception of the group older than 70 years [2].
As the analysis of studies devoted to the study of mortality due to TBI in China has shown, the
data in the city and in the countryside has a significant difference, which creates difficulties in
ISSN: 2278-4853 Vol 10, Issue 9, September, 2021 Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 = 7.699
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