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Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR)
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AJMR
“on some new electromagnetic motions and the theory of magnetism”, he was able to give a
scientific justification for the processes of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Michael Faraday “the medium around the conductor has special properties, an electromagnetic
field is created in it. Its intensity can be explained by the action of electromagnetic force lines”
he wrote. He was one of the first to discover the laws of electromagnetic induction, explain the
phenomena of Dia-and paramagnetism, and introduce the concepts of permittivity into science.
Since ancient times, mankind has observed and studied the processes associated with electrical
phenomena. The ancient Greeks, noticing the property of amber to attract light objects when
rubbed into silk fabric, called it electronic. The term electricity also competes with this word.
The content and essence of electricity remained a mystery for a long time. The first theories
explaining the significance of electrical, electrochemical, bioelectric and many other phenomena
began to be put forward in the middle of the eighteenth century. A tireless politician, a talented
diplomat, who received the nickname “the man who takes away lightning from the gods and
power from tyrants” for the invention of the lightning rod, Benjamin Franklin put forward the
idea that electricity should be a separate material carrier. He came to the conclusion that the
matter of any body has material units of electricity, which are tiny, light and easily break down.
M. V. Lomonosov, however, came to the conclusion that there is a relationship between
chemical and electrical phenomena. He wrote that “given that chemistry correctly explains the
inner world of bodies, it is this science that can also reveal the nature of electricity”.
An Italian naturalist While L.Galvani studied the effect of electric current on the muscle tissues
of animals, his compatriot, university professor A. Volta created an electric current source using
pairs of two different metals. The English scientist G. Davy was the first to isolate alkali metals,
such as potassium and sodium, by electrolysis. Using this method, he identified five more new
elements. These were the elements-barium, calcium, strontium, magnesium and boron.
Swedish scientist Ya. Bersenev explained electrolysis as a phenomenon consisting of an
opposite-polar electrochemical dualism of complex substances. Bersenev's idea that tiny particles
of electricity, called atoms, are part of chemical compounds, was of great importance for
chemical science. It became possible to explain the nature of chemical reactions and the
relationship between chemical and electrical phenomena only after the classical studies of
Michael Faraday related to the processes of electrolysis.
Despite his painstaking childhood, Michael Faraday read and studied a lot. After reading the
section “electricity” of the Encyclopedia Britannica, he realized that this phenomenon has a very
mysterious and hidden nature, and believed that subordination to this power could bring great
benefits to humanity. A book called “Conversations about Chemistry”, written by the wife of a
London doctor, Marsit, further fueled Michael Faraday's passion for this experimental science.
After reading this book, he told his mother: “Today I discovered another interesting and amazing
science-chemistry. I really enter into his mysterious world”, he said. The results of numerous
experiments were reflected in his book “experimental studies of electricity”, and in January 1833
he reported this to the Royal Society. It was dominated by the idea that, since the material
carriers of all types of electrical phenomena, regardless of their origin, are the same, not all of
them can be the cause of such changes as physiological, chemical, magnet-forming, light-
emitting, mechanical.
The hardworking scientist performed more than 300 experiments in a short time, studied the
products of electrolysis of more than 130 substances. In January of the following year, he
ISSN: 2278-4853 Vol 10, Issue 9, September, 2021 Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 = 7.699
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