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of speech. Euphemistic speech is considered as supreme form of human intelligence, or so called
“core”, decorated, composed and eased form of reality.[1]
In support of the professor's views, we can also note that the euphemism is the use of good and
harmless words and phrases instead of bad, uncensored words and phrases that can hurt one’s
self.
Euphemisms are used to avoid calling a negative reality, to minimize the negative impact of
situations that are rude and ugly to say, likely to offend a person, to annoy him, to show
disrespect, to violate ethical norms, or to express a hidden reality that cannot be said directly. For
example: instead of saying he died, he passed away, expired or lost his life.In terms of origin,
euphemism is derived from the Greek word and means “I speak well”. Using softer word or
phrase instead of using rude, abusive word or phrase that are prohibited or inconvenient to use
for any reason.For example, failure is an "incomplete victory." On this issue, the linguist A. A.
Reformatsky defines "euphemisms as words that can be used instead of forbidden (taboo) words.
“The Linguistic Encyclopaedic Dictionary” defines euphemisms as "emotionally neutral words
that are synonymous with words and expressions that are inappropriate, unpleasant, or rude to
the speaker.
A. Hodjiev's “Glossary of Linguistic Terms”, reprinted in 2002, defines euphemism as follows:
the use of a rude, obscene word, phrase, or taboo instead of a rude, obscene word, phrase. For
example, using the words pregnant, instead of expectant or heavy.
Taboos and euphemisms have been studied by many Turkic nations, like Kazakh, Turkmen,
Altai, Azerbaijani, and Uzbek linguists.We can cite monographs of linguists such as S.Altaev,
N.Ismatullaev, N.Jabborov. Of these, the Uzbek linguist N. Ismatullaev's dissertation deserves
special mention. In his research, the author collected information on taboos and euphemisms,
commented on them, generalized, came to certain conclusions [2].
The research works of other linguists also give opinions regarding euphemisms. For example, H.
Shamsiddinov expresses his views on euphemistic functional-semantic synonyms of words [3],
A. Mamatov in his doctoral dissertation, focuses on the euphemistic and dysphemic formation of
phraseology. Some works on literary language also focus on euphemistic meaning. In particular,
the scientist Z.Kholmanova, who specially studied the lexicon of "Boburnoma", also commented
on the euphemisms used in it. [4] The scholar notes that the euphemistic expressions in
"Boburnoma" give a reasonable idea of the semantic structure, emotional and expressive features
of the lexicon of the old Uzbek literary language, the author's linguistic skills, the method of
artistic description. The work analyzes the euphemistic units of the concept of "death" and
describes its forms used for specific semantic and methodological purposes.
Euphemisms are a linguistic and socio-cultural phenomenon with a long history in terms of
origin. The study of euphemisms overcomes the difficulties and complexities that arise in the
process of intercultural communication and ensures that communication is successful and
effective. There are many sources in general linguistics, Turkology, including Uzbek linguistics:
scientific works, articles, theoretical ideas on the causes of the phenomenon of taboo and
euphemism, for what purpose they are used.
Thus, euphemism as a multifaceted linguistic phenomenon should be studied in terms of 3
interrelated factors: 1) the social factor, which is based on social euphemisms that embody
moral, ethnic and religious values, 2) the mental factor, which is based on careful treatment, like
ISSN: 2278-4853 Vol 10, Issue 9, September, 2021 Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 = 7.699
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