Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR)
https://www.tarj.in
718
AJMR
CONCLUSIONS
After the discovery of the electron, a large number of different microparticles of matter were
discovered.Very small size is characteristic for all elementary particles: the linear size of the
nucleon and the peony is 10
-15
m. The theory shows that the size of the electron should also be in
the order of 10
-15
m. The masses of many particles are close to the mass of a proton, close to 1
GeV (MeV) in energy units.
The world of elementary particles has a very complex structure.The properties of the elementary
particles found are varied.In order to describe their properties, it was necessary to introduce
many new special characteristics, in addition to the characteristics derived from classical physics
- the moment of electric charge, mass and momentum.In particular, to describe strange
elementary particles - "strange" (introduced by K. Nishidjima and M. Gell-Mann, 1953), for
charming elementary particles - "charm" (American physicists J. Bjorken, S. Gleshow, 1964);
the naming of the given characteristics also reflects that the properties of the elementary particles
are also unusual.The study of the internal structure of matter and the properties of elementary
particles necessitated a reconsideration of some of the concepts and ideas previously introduced
in the first steps.The laws governing the states of matter in the microworld are so different from
the laws of classical mechanics and electrodynamics that this has necessitated the development
of completely new theoretical structures for self-description.Such new fundamental structures
include: special and general theory of relativity (A. Einstein, 1905 and 1916; Relativity theory,
Gravity) and quantum mechanics (1924-27; N. Bohr, L. De Broglie, V. Geyzenberg,
E.Shredinger, M.Born).The theory of relativity and quantum mechanics have revolutionized
nature and science, and they have laid the groundwork for explaining microworld
phenomena.However, quantum mechanics was no longer sufficient to describe the processes that
take place with elementary particles.Then came the quantization of quantum fields (i.e., the so-
called secondary quantization) and the development of the quantum theory of the field.Important
stages in its development were: the formation of quantum electrodynamics (P. Dirac, 1929),
quantum theory of ß-decay (E. Fermi, 1934), served as the basis for the creation of a modern
theory of weak interactions, quantum mesodynamics(H. Yukawa, 1935).From these theories the
ß-theory of nuclear forces (I.E.Tamm, D.D.Ivanenko, 1934; Strong interactions) was created as a
direct follower of quantum electrodynamics.This period ended with the creation of a series
computing apparatus of quantum electrodynamics (S. Tomonaga, R. Feinman, Yu. Schwinger;
1944-49).This apparatus was created based on the use of re-normalization techniques (quantum
field theory). This computational technique was later generalized to other variants of field
quantum theory.At present, the quantum theory of the field continues to develop and improve,
and serves as the basis for describing the interactions of elementary particles.These are a number
of important advantages of the theory that it is not yet complete. But it cannot yet play the role of
a theory capable of explaining elementary particles in every way.
At present, many properties of elementary particles and the nature of their interactions remain
much unclear. In the future, before creating a theory of elementary particles, it will probably be
necessary to reconstruct all existing assumptions and gain a deeper understanding of the
relationship between the geometric properties of space-time and the properties of microparticles.
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