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9)
Ma’lumki, ingliz tilida majhul nisbat “to be” fe’li va fe’llarning sifatdosh ІІ shakli
orqali yasaladi. Ammo
ingliz tili
og’zaki nutqida majhul nisbat yasash uchun
“to be” fe’lining o’rniga “to get” fe’lini qo’llashimiz mumkin:
To be + PІІ
To get + PІІ
This book
is used
very much – bu
kitob juda ko’p foydalaniladi
This book
gets used
very much
I
was steeng
by a bee in the garden
– bog’da bir ari meni chaqib oldi
I
got streeng
by a bee in the garden
Sarah
was bitten
by a dog in the
street – ko’chada Sarani bir it tishlab
oldi
Sarah
got bittin
by a dog in the street
NOTE1: “get” bilan qo’llangan ba’zi iboralar majhul nisbatda bo’lmaydi:
Get married –
uylanmoq, turmushga chiqmoq
Get divorced
– ajrashmoq (er-xotin)
Get dressed
– kiyinmoq
Get changed
– o’zgarmoq
Nick
got married
yesterday – Nik kecha uylandi
Sarah
got divorced
with her husband – Sara eri bilan ajrashdi
I’m
getting dressed
– men kiyinyapman
“Get” fe’li sifatlar bilan birikib, biror bir holatning o’zga holatga o’zgarishini
ifodalab keladi:
Subject + get + adjective
Get angry –
jahli chiqmoq
Get good –
yaxshi
bo’lmoq
Get anxious – Get heavy –
og’ir
bo’lmoq
Get bald – Get hungry –
och
qolmoq
Get better –
yaxshilanmoq
Get late –
kech
tushmoq
Get big –
kattarmoq
Get light –
yorug’
bo’lmoq
Get busy –
band bo’lmoq
Get mad -
Get chilly –
o’ta sovuq bo’lmoq
Get nervous -
asabiylashmoq
Get cold –
shamollamoq
Get old -
qarimoq
Get dark –
qorong’i tushmoq
Get pale –
oqarib
ketmoq
Get dizzy – Get rich –
boyib
ketmoq
Get empty –
bo’shab qolmoq
Get sick –
kasal
bo’lmoq
Get fat –
semirmoq
Get sleepy -
122
Get full –
to’la bo’lmoq
Get tall –
uzaymoq
Get thirsty –
chanqamoq
Get warm –
iliq
bo’lmoq, isimoq
NOTE2: Majhul nisbatda ish-harakatning nimadir vositasida bajarilishini
ko’rsatmoqchi bo’lsak, “with” predlogidan foydalanamiz:
The fire was put off
with
water – olov suv bilan o’chirildi
The letter was written
with
a pencil – xat qalam bilan yozildi
1. To surprise – hayron qoldirmoq
The magican
surprised
me – sehrgar meni hayron qoldirdi
To be surprised at / by – hayron qolmoq
I’
m surprised at
the magican – men sehrgarga hayron qoldim
2. To bore – zeriktirmoq
The film
bored
me – film meni zeriktirdi
To be bored with – zerikmoq
I
’m bored with
the film – men filmdan zerikdim
3. To clutter – to’ldirmoq
Jack
cluttered
the room with books – Jek xonani kitoblar bilan to’ldirdi
To be cluttered with – to’ldirilmoq
The room
is cluttered with
books – xona kitoblar bilan to’ldirildi
PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVES
(Sifatdoshlarni ifodalovchi sifatlar)
-ing:
-ed:
An interesting person – qiziqarli odam
A surprising event – hayratlanarli voqea
An interested person – qiziqqan odam
A surprised man - hayratlangan kishi
1)
–ing qo’shimchasi bilan tugaydigan sifatlar biror bir ish-harakatning
davomiyligini ko’rsatadi:
A snoring man – hurrak otayotgan odam
A sleeping boy – uxlayotgan bola
A running girl – yugurayotgan qiz
A smiling girl – jilmayotgan qiz
2)
–ed qo’shimchasi bilan tugaydigan sifatlar bo’lib o’tgan ish-harakatning
holatini ko’rsatadi:
A translated text – tarjima qilingan matn
A broken window – singan deraza
A stolen car – o’g’irlangan mashina
MODAL VERBS
Modallik hususiyatiga ega bo’lgan yarim ma’noli fe’llar
– modal fe’llar
Modallik hususiyatlari:
qobiliyat, imkoniyat, ehtimollik, tahmin, majburiyat,
zaruriyat, ta’qiq, ruxsat, maslahat, gumonsirash,
taklif va hokazo
Modal fe’llarning
“yarim ma’noli fe’llar”
deyilishiga sabab, ular gapda mustaqil
fe’llarsiz hech qanday ma’no anglatmaydi. Shu bilan birgalikda, modal fe’llar
“kamchilikli fe’llar”
hisoblanadi. Chunku ularga
hozirgi noaniq zamonda 3-shaxs
birlik,
o’tgan zamon va davomli zamon qo’shimchalari
qo’shilmaydi. Ularning
ba’zilari o’zidan so’ng
“to”
yuklamasini talab qilmaydi, hamda
–ing
qo’shimchasi
qo’shilmaydi.
123
“Can” modal fe’li
Can – “qila olmoq, bajara olmoq”
Bu ma’noda “can” modal fe’li biror bir ish-
harakatni aqliy va jismoniy tomondan bajara olish qobiliyatini va imkoniyatini
ko’rsatadi
(Hozirgi va kelasi zamon uchun qo’llanadi):
Subject + can + do (V1)
Sarah
can
speak french fluently – Sara fransuz tilida ravon gaplasha oladi
Nick
can
run 100 meters in 10 seconds – Nik 10 sekundda 100 metr yugura oladi
John is very strong. He
can
lift heavy things without difficulty – Jon juda kuchli. U
og’ir buyumlarni qiyinchiliksiz ko’tara oladi
I
can
play the piano – men pianino chala olaman
Nick
can
see far-away things – Nik uzoq masofadagi buyumlarni ko’ra oladi
Bo’lishsiz shakli: Subject + can + not + do (V1)
Sarah
can’t
speak french fluently
Nick
can’t
run 100 metres in 10 seconds
I
can’t
play the piano
Nick
can’t
see far-away things
So’roq shakli: Can + Subject + do (V1)…?
Can
Sarah
speak
french fluently?
Yes, she can / No, she can’t
Can
Nick
run
100 metres in 10 seconds?
Yes, he can / No, he can’t
Can
you
play
the piano?
Yes, I can / No, I can’t
Can
Nick
see
far-away things?
Yes, he can / No, he can’t
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