Articles otlar oldidan qo’llanuvchi so’z turkumi artikl

aniqlovchi vazifasida
keladi va ish-harakatning kimdir tomonidan bajarilishini 
ko’rsatish uchun 
“by” (tomonidan) 
predlogidan foydalaniladi. 
Active voice: 
Passive voice: 
Popov invented the radio – Popov 
radioni kashf qildi 
 
Pushkin wrote “Poltava” – Pushkin 
“Poltava” ni yozdi 
The radio was invented 
by
 Popov – 
radio Popov tomonidan kashf qilindi 
“Poltava” was written
 by
 Pushkin – 
“Poltava” Pushkin tomonidan yozilgan 
3)
 
Gaplarni aniq nisbatdan majhul nisbatga aylantirganimizda, gapdagi ega va 
to’ldiruvchi o’zaro o’rin almashadi. Ya’ni aniq nisbatdagi ega majhul nisbatdagi 
to’ldiruvchining o’rniga, to’ldiruvchi esa eganing o’rniga o’tadi: 
Active voice: 
Passive voice: 
I cleaned the room 
The teacher gave Nick “2” 
The room was cleaned by me 
Nick was given “2” by the teacher 

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NOTE: Aniq nisbatdagi gapda nechta to’ldiruvchi bo’lsa, shuncha majhul 
nisbat shakli yasashimiz mumkin: 
I gave Piter a book – men Piterga kitob berdim 

a)
Piter was given a book by me – men tomonimdan Piterga kitob 
berildi 
b)
The book was given to Piter by me – kitob men tomonimdan Piterga 
berildi