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Positive degree: Comparative
degree:
Superlative
degree:
Good
Bad
Many
Much
Little
Far
Better
Worse
More
More
Lest
1) farther (masofa)
2) further (vaqt)
● further
(qo’shimcha)
The best
The worst
The most
The most
The least
1) the farthest
2) the furthest.
This film is
good
– Bu yaxshi film
This film is
better
than that film we saw yesterday – Kecha ko’rgan filmimizga
qaraganda bu film yaxshiroq ekan..
This film is
the best
of all films – Bu film barcha filmlarning eng zo’ri.
60
§. Ba’zi bir –y, -ow, -ble, -e, -er, -t, -ng
qo’shimchalari bilan tugagan ikki
bo’g’inli murakkab sifatlar qiyosiy va
orttirma darajada bir bo’g’inli sodda sifatlar
kabi daraja qo’shimchalarini oladi:
Positive degree:
Comparative
degree:
Superlative degree:
Eas
y
– oson, yengil
Earl
y
– erta, barvaqt
Narr
ow
– ensiz, tor
Shall
ow –
past, sayoz
No
ble
–
olijanob,
himmatli
Strang
e
–
g’alati;
notanish
Simpl
e –
oddiy, sodda
Sampl
e –
namunali
Clev
er –
aqlli, uquvli
Straigh
t
–
to’g’ri;
rostgo’y
Stro
ng –
kuchli; ta’sirli
Easi
er
Earli
er
Narrow
er
Shallow
er
Nobl
er
Strang
er
Simpl
er
Sampl
er
Clever
er
Straight
er
Strong
er
The
easi
est
The
earli
est
The
narrow
est
The
shallow
est
The
nobl
est
The
strang
est
The
simpl
est
The
sampl
est
The
clever
est
The
straight
est
The
strong
est.
§ . “–ing” va “-ed” qo’shimchalari
Sifatlar o’zidan so’ng “-ing” va “-ed” qo’shimchalarini olishiga qarab 2
turga: belgi- hususiyat va munosabat sifatlariga bo’linadi.
1)
–ing qo’shimchasiga tugaydigan sifatlar
kishilarga, narsa- predmetlarga,
voqea- hodisalarga
nisbatan qo’llanilib,
ularning belgi- hususiyatini bildirib
keladi
.
Bunda asosan,
sifat fe’ldan yasaladi:
The book is interesting –
Bu kitob qiziqarli.
John is boring –
Jon zerikarli bola.
His progress is astonishing –
Uning yutug’i hayratlanarli.
The accident is terrifying –
Bu dahshatli voqea.
2)
–ed qo’shimchasi bilan tugaydigan sifatlar kishiga nisbatan qo’llanilib,
kishilarning biror bir narsa- predmetga, shaxsga, voqea- hodisaga bo’lgan
munosabatini ko’rsatadi:
I am interested in the book –
Bu kitob meni qiziqtirib qo’ydi
I am bored with John –
Jon meni zeriktirib yubordi.
I am astonished at (=by) his progress –
Uning muvaffaqiyati meni hayratga soldi.
I am terrefied by (=with) the accident –
Bu voqea meni dahshatga soldi.
§ . Sifatlarning gapda joylashish tartibi
Biror bir narsa- predmetning belgi- hususiyatini bir necha sifatlar orqali
ifodalamoqchi bo’lsak, asliy sifatlar quyidagi tartibda joylashadi:
Xajm + Yosh + Rang + Qayerda tayyorlangan, qayerdan +
Nimadan tayyorlangan + Ot
A tall, young, white, Russian peasant –
Uzun bo’yli, yosh, oq tanli rus dehqoni.
A tiny, old, red Russian metal box –
Ixchamgina, eski, qizil rangli rus metal qutisi.
A hugl, new, black Japan car –
Katta, yangi, qora yapon mashinasi.
A big, black cat –
Semiz qora mushuk.
A young Uzbek journalist –
Yosh o’zbek jurnalisti.
Nisbiy sifatlar esa doimo ularning oldidan qo’llanadi:
61
A clever,
tall, young, white Russian peasant.
A nice,
huge, new, black Japan car.
A bad,
big, black cat.
A talented,
young Uzbek journalist
Linking Verbs
Quyidagi fe’llar o’zidan so’ng doim sifat talab qiladi:
Feel – his qilmoq Become
Look – tuyilmoq, ko’rinmoq Get
Smell – hid taratmoq Turn ├
“bo’lmoq” ma’nosida
Sound – yangramoq Grow
Taste – ta’mi bo’lmoq
Appear / seem – ko’rinmoq, tuyilmoq
For examples:
The soup
smells good –
sho’rva yaxshi hid taratyapti
This food
tastes delicious –
bu taom juda mazali
The children
feel happy –
bolalar o’zlarini baxtli his qilishyapti
The weather
became cold –
ob-havo sovib qoldi
Compare:
That man
looks angry
– anavi
kishini jaxli chiqqanga o’xshaydi
That man
looked
at me angrily –
anavi kishi menga jaxl bilan qaradi
Birikmali fe’llar
To feel:
To feel tired – charchamoq
To feel ill – kasal bo’lmoq
To feel upset – kayfiyati tushmoq, hafa bo’lmoq
To feel bad – kasal bo’lmoq
To feel well – sog’aymoq, o’zini yaxshi his qilmoq
To feel hungry – och qolmoq
To feel thirsty – chanqamoq
To grow:
To grow old – qarimoq
To grow pale – oqarib ketmoq
To grow dark – qorong’I tushmoq
To turn:
To turn red – qizarib ketmoq
To turn pale – rangi oqarib ketmoq
To turn dark – qorong’i tushmoq
To fall:
To fall asleep – uxlab qolmoq
To fall ill – kasal bo’lmoq
To get:
To get angry – jaxli chiqmoq
To get tired – charchamoq
To get ill – kasal bo’lmoq
To get upset – hafa bo’lmoq
To get hungry – och qolmoq
To get thirsty – chanqamoq
62
To seem:
To seem angry – jaxli chiqmoq
To seem happy – xursand ko’rinmoq
To seem convinced – ishonarli ko’rinmoq
To seem displeased – norozi ko’rinmoq
To seem pleased – mamnun ko’rinmoq
To seem upset – hafa ko’rinmoq
To seem well – yaxshi ko’rinmoq, sog’lom ko’rinmoq
To seem hungry – ochga o’xshab ko’rinmoq
To seem thirsty – chanqamoq
To look:
To lookold – qari ko’rinmoq
To look angry – jaxli chiqqandek tuyilmoq
To look pale – rangi oqarib ketmoq
To tired – charchaganga o’xshamoq
To look convinced – ishonchli ko’rinmoq
To look displeased – noroziga o’xshamoq
To look well – sog’lom ko’rinmoq
To look hungry – och qolmoq
To look thirsty – chanqamoq
To look stout – semirmoq
To shabby - eskirmoq
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