|
3)
Glass - shisha (qurilish
materiali)
×
Glass
is
used in construction –
shisha qurilishda foydalaniladi
4)
Stone- tosh (qurilish materiali)
We need
×
stone to build buildings –
bino qurish uchun bizga tosh kerak
5)
Room- joy
There
is
no
×
room for you – bu yerda
sizga joy yo’q
6)
Iron- temir (qurilish materiali)
×
Iron
is
a construction material –
temir- qurilish materili
7) Grammar- grammatika fani
I have
×
grammar on Mondays –
dushanba kunlari grammatika fanim
bor
8) Light- yorug’lik
×
Light come
s
from the sun – yorug’lik
quyoshdan keladi
to have a time - dam olmoq
I had
a
wonderful time last year – men
o’tgan yili ajoyib dam oldim
2) A paper – gazeta
Mary bought
2
paper
s
– Meri 2 ta gazeta
sotib oldi
a paper- sahifa
The
article consists of
3
paper
s
–
maqola 3 sahifadan tashkil topgan
a paper- hujjat
He showed me his paper
s
– u menga
hujjatlarini ko’rsatdi
3) A glass - stakan
He drank
2
glasse
s
of milk – u 2 stakan
sut ichdi
glasses - ko’zoynak
Mary has
2
glasses – Merining 2 ta
ko’zoynagi bor
4) A stone- tosh
He threw
2
stone
s
at the dog – u itga
qarata 2 ta tosh otdi
5) A room- xona
There
are 2
room
s
in my flat – kvartiram
2 xonali
6) An iron- dazmol
He has
2
iron
s –
uni 2 ta dazmoli bor
7) A grammar- grammatika kitobi
I have
2
grammar
s
– meni 2 ta
grammatika kitobim bor
8) A light- chiroq, svet
There is
a
light in the room – xonada
chiroq bor
§.
Bu artikl va olmoshlar doim sanaladigan otlar oldidan qo’llanadi:
A, an the A great number of
Some, any, several A large number of
This, that, these, those Planty of
One, two, three… Few, a few
Every, each, all Fewer… than…
No, none More… than…
Many, a lot of
§.
Bu artikl va olmoshlar doim sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan qo’llanadi:
The, some, any Much, a lot of
This, that A great deal of
All, no, none A great amount of
Plenty of A large amount of
24
Less… than… Little, a little
More… than…
Otlarda ko’plik
Ingliz tilida, otlarda ko’plik sanaladigan otlarga
-s
va
–es
ko’plik qo’shimchalarini
qo’shish orqali yasaladi.
1)
Ba’zi bir undosh va unli harflarga tugagan otlarga ko’plik yasash uchun
-s
qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi:
Singular:
Plural:
A
book - kitob
A
room - xona
A
tool - asbob
A
car - mashina
A
bed - kravat
A
leg - oyoq
A
month - oy
A
place - joy
A
language - til
Book
s
Room
s
Tool
s
Car
s
Bed
s
Leg
s
Month
s
Place
s
Language
s
2)
–s, -ss, -x, -ch, -tch, -sh
harfiga tugagan otlarga
-es
qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi va
s
tovushi
z
ga o’zgaradi:
Singular:
Plural;
A
bus - avtobus
A
dress – ko’ylak
A
box - quti
A
bench - skameka
A
match - gugurt
A
dish - idish
Bus
es
Dress
es
Box
es
Benches
Match
es
Dish
es
3)
–fe
va
–f
harflariga tugagan otlarga ham
–s
ham
–es
qo’shimchalari qo’shiladi
va “
f” “fe”
tovushlari
“v”
tovushiga o’zgaradi:
Singular:
Plural:
A shel
f
- shkaf
A knif
e -
pichoq
A wol
f –
bo’ri
A lea
f -
barg
A wi
fe -
xotin
Shelve
s
Knive
s
Wolve
s
Leave
s
Wive
s
Ammo, ba’zi
–f
va
-fe
tovushlari bilan tugagan otlarga ko’plik yasash uchun
–s
qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi va bu harflar o’zgarmaydi:
Singular:
Plural:
A
roof - tom
A
hoof - tuyoq
A
wharf - bandargoh
A
handkerchief – dastro’mol
A
kerchief - rumol
A
safe - sandiq
Roof
s
Hoof
s
Wharf
s
Handkerchief
s
Kerchief
s
Safe
s
4)
–o unlisi bilan tugagan otlarga ko’plik yasash uchun –es qo’shimchasi
qo’shiladi:
25
Singular:
Plural:
A
hero - qahraman
A
negro – qora tanli
A
tomato - pomidor
A
potato - kartoshka
Hero
es
Negro
es
Tomato
es
Potato
es
Ammo, ba’zi bir
–o
unlisi bilan tugagan
xalqaro so’zlarga
ko’plik yasash uchun
–s
qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi:
Singular:
Plural:
A
radio
A
piano
A
motto
A
lotto
A
kilo
A
photo
Radio
s
Piano
s
Motto
s
Lotto
s
Kilo
s
Photo
s
5) –y unlisi bilan tugagan otlarga ko’plik yasash:
a) Agar –y unlisi so’z oxirida undosh harfdan so’ng kelsa, ko’plik yasash uchun
–es qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi va bu unli –i ga o’zgaradi:
Singular:
Plural:
A
city - shahar
A
lady - xonim
A
baby - chaqaloq
Citi
es
Ladi
es
Babi
es
b) Agar –y unlisi so’z oxirida unli harfdan so’ng kelsa, ko’plikda unga –s
qo’shiladi:
Singular:
Plural:
A
boy - bola
A
key - kalit
A
play - pyesa
Boy
s
Key
s
Play
s
6)
Ba’zi otlar ko’plikda qo’shimcha qo’shilmasdan tarkibi o’zgarishi orqali
ko’plikka aylanadi:
Singular:
Plural:
A
man
A
woman
A
tooth
A
foot
A
goose
An
ox
A
mouse
A
child
A
person
M
e
n
Wom
e
n
T
ee
th
F
ee
t
G
ee
se
Ox
en
Mice
Child
ren
People
NOTE: “People” so’zi “xalq” ma’nosida kelsa, ko’plik oladi:
Our family consists of 4
people
– oilamiz to’rt kishidan iborat
A lot of
peoples
live in Uzbekistan – O’zbekistonda ko’plab millat vakillari yashaydi
26
7)
Ba’zi bir otlar birlikda ham, ko’plikda ham bir xil ko’rinishda bo’ladi, faqat
birlikda ular oldidan noaniq artikllar qo’llanadi, ko’plikda esa ularga hech
qanday qo’shimcha qo’shilmaydi:
Singular:
Plural:
A
fish - baliq
A
sheep – qo’y
A
cattle – qora mol
A
deer – bug’u
Fish
×
Sheep
×
Cattle
×
Deer
×
There
is
a
fish on the table – stolda bitta baliq bor
There
are many
fish on the table – stolda ko’p baliq bor
Ammo, bu otlarning ma’lum bir turi ko’rsatilsa, ko’plikda ular –s va -es
qo’shimchalarini oladi:
Two
Sazane
fish
es
Two
Swiss
cattle
s
Two
Karakul
sheep
s
Two
Siberian
deer
s
§
. Qo’shma otlarda ko’plik
2 ta alohida otdan tashkil topgan 1 ta yaxlit ot -
qo’shma otlar
deyiladi:
Noun+ Noun = Compound Noun
A school+ a boy= a schoolboy
Qo’shma otlarga ko’plik qo’shimchalari so’zdagi 1-otga, so’zdagi 2-otga yoki
so’zdagi har ikkala otga qo’shilishi mumkin:
Singular:
Plural:
Noun 1
A
passer-by
An
editor- in- chief
A
son- in- law
Passer
s
- by
Editor
s-
in- chief
Son
s-
in- law
Noun 2
A
schoolboy
A
letterbox
A
pocketknife
A
schoolgirl
Schoolboy
s
Letterbox
es
Pocketkniv
es
schoolgirl
s
Noun1,2 A
manservant
A
womanservant
M
e
nservant
s
wom
e
nservant
s
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
