Article in wseas transactions on Communications · July 016 citations reads 338 authors



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Bog'liq
2016-WSEAS-DongShuya

 
4 Simulation and Discussion 
The wideband spectrum sensing of GNU Radio by 
the multistep frequency domain energy detection 
procedure shown in Fig. 2 is simulated using 
MATLAB. 
First, we generate a wideband signal as shown in 
Fig. 3 by using MATLAB. In the simulation, a 
baseband signal of sinc waveform with 2 MHz 
bandwidth is generated first with BPSK modulation. 
One BPSK symbol duration is set to 0.5
µ
s
. Then 
the baseband signal is modulated to carriers at 5 
MHz and 15 MHz. With such parameters, the 
signal’s occupied spectrum is within 4 MHz ~ 6 
MHz and 14 MHz ~ 16 MHz. The spectrum to be 
sensed is set to 20 MHz. The sampling frequency is 
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMMUNICATIONS
Shuya Dong, Xiaoqin Wu, Yong Bai
E-ISSN: 2224-2864
170
Volume 15, 2016


set to 40 MHz. The modulated signal is added with 
white gaussian noise to simulate the received signal 
at USRP. The spectrum diagram of the received 
signal without noise is shown in Fig. 3. The 
spectrum diagrams of the received signal at SNR 
(signal-to-noise ratio) = 5 dB and 10 dB is shown in 
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, respectively. In our simulation, the 
signal power changes while the noise power is kept 
at different SNRs. The noise power at each 
sampling point is set to 1 for normalization. 
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Frequency (MHz)
M
a
gni
tude
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dB
)
Fig. 3. The spectrum diagram of the received signal 
without noise
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Frequency (MHz)
M
a
gni
tude
(
dB
)
Fig. 4. The spectrum diagram of the received signal 
(SNR = 5 dB) 
2
4
6
8
10
12
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20
0
5
10
15
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30
35
40
45
50
55
Frequency (MHz)
M
a
gni
tude
(
dB
)
Fig. 5. The spectrum diagram of the received signal 
(SNR = 10 dB) 
In the simulation, one-step 200 KHz narrowband 
energy detection is realized first. It is implemented 
by a 200 KHz bandpass filter with 500-order 
Hamming window. The wideband spectrum sensing 
is realized by by changing the central frequency of 
the 200 KHz bandpass filter step-by-step until the 
20 MHz spectrum is detected. Thus, the step 
frequency is 200 KHz in the multistep frequency 
domain energy detection. The number of sensed 
BPSK symbols at each 200 KHz narrowband is set 
to 100. 
The initialization of data is realized by using BPSK 
modulation to simulate the self.u and s2v functions. 
The data transmission rate is set to 200 Kbps. The 
modulated signal is sampled with a sampling 
frequency 40 MHz, the FFT is performed on the 
sampled data to simulate the self.connect (fft) 
module. After FFT, the calculations of square sum 
and logarithm are used to simulate the c2mag and 
log functions. Then, the calculated result is 
compared with a threshold for energy detection in 
each 200 KHz step.
Fig. 6 shows the detection probability 
P
d
versus the 
decision threshold 
λ
(in logarithmic value) when 
the SNR is 5 dB and 10 dB, respectively. With the 
Blackman-Harris window, to satisfy a certain 
detection probability, for example 

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