Article in ssrn electronic Journal · July 015 doi: 10. 2139/ssrn. 2634590 citations 32 reads 1,108 author: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects

TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
About the Global Commission on Internet Governance
vi
About the Author
1
Executive Summary
1
Introduction
3
The Size of Cyberspace
5
The Security of Cyberspace: Vectors, Occurrence and Damage
8
Trends in the Vectors of Attack: Vulnerabilities and Malicious Sites
12
Occurrence of Cyber Attacks: Web-based Attacks
14
The Cost of Successful Cyber Attacks
17
Conclusions and Policy Recommendations 
20
Works Cited
23
About CIGI
23
CIGI Masthead

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GLOBAL COMMISSION ON INTERNET GOVERNANCE PAPER SERIES: NO. 16 — JuLy 2015 
VI • CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE INNOVATION • CHATHAM HOuSE
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Eric Jardine joined CIGI as a research fellow 
in May 2014 in the Global Security & Politics 
Program. He contributes to CIGI’s work on 
Internet governance, including the CIGI–Chatham 
House-sponsored Global Commission on Internet 
Governance. His current research focuses on cyber 
security, cyber terrorism, cybercrime and cyber 
protest. He holds a Ph.D. in international relations 
from the Norman Paterson School of International 
Affairs at Carleton University..
ABOUT THE GLOBAL 
COMMISSION ON INTERNET 
GOVERNANCE
The Global Commission on Internet Governance was 
established in January 2014 to articulate and advance a 
strategic vision for the future of Internet governance. The 
two-year project conducts and supports independent 
research on Internet-related dimensions of global public 
policy, culminating in an official commission report that 
will articulate concrete policy recommendations for the 
future of Internet governance. These recommendations 
will address concerns about the stability, interoperability, 
security and resilience of the Internet ecosystem.
Launched by two independent global think tanks, 
the Centre for International Governance Innovation 
(CIGI) and Chatham House, the Global Commission on 
Internet Governance will help educate the wider public 
on the most effective ways to promote Internet access, 
while simultaneously championing the principles of 
freedom of expression and the free flow of ideas over 
the Internet.
The Global Commission on Internet Governance will 
focus on four key themes:
• enhancing governance legitimacy — including 
regulatory approaches and standards;
• stimulating economic innovation and growth — 
including critical Internet resources, infrastructure 
and competition policy;
• ensuring human rights online — including 
establishing the principle of technological 
neutrality for human rights, privacy and free 
expression; and
• avoiding systemic risk — including establishing 
norms regarding state conduct, cybercrime 
cooperation and non-proliferation, confidence- 
building measures and disarmament issues.
The goal of the Global Commission on Internet 
Governance is two-fold. First, it will encourage globally 
inclusive public discussions on the future of Internet 
governance. Second, through its comprehensive policy-
oriented report, and the subsequent promotion of 
this final report, the Global Commission on Internet 
Governance will communicate its findings with senior 
stakeholders at key Internet governance events.