Article in Open Geosciences · January 012 citations reads 3,053 authors



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Groundwater resources Ouzbekistan

Table 2.
Forecasted groundwater reserves with a mineralization of less than 5 g/l in Uzbekistan [
12
,
55
].
Mineralization
GW Reserves
(km3/year)
%
to total
GW category
Description for use
<
1 g/l
7.32
37
Fresh
All purposes
1-1.5 g/l
2.61
13
Good quality
Rural potable supply, irrigation, ani-
mals
1.5-3.0 g/l
7.42
38
Slight saline
Irrigation, rural potable supply
3-5 g/l
1.26
7
Saline
Irrigation and watering husbandry
5 g/l
>
0.98
5
Moderate and high
saline
Industry and irrigation of salt-tolerant
crops
Total
19.6
100
The over-use of groundwater is observed mainly in the
arid southern provinces of Uzbekistan, wherein pumping
exceeds approved groundwater resources limits by almost
a factor of 2. This condition is caused by the limited
availability of surface waters and the increasing levels
of pollution from irrigated agriculturethus groundwater
resources have become the primary alternative source for
local livelihoods and economic development.
The total groundwater withdrawal for irrigation use is de-
picted on Figure
4
. The observed decrease in extraction
from 1987 to 1994 is due to the reduction of operation
hours of wells, worn out pumping systems and bad condi-
tions of wells. Since 1995, the economic necessity of ir-
rigating cotton crops has forced governmental authorities
to use groundwater extraction at the maximum of technical
capacities. In addition, there is an increase in groundwa-
ter use by industry, which implies competition with other
sectors in the foreseeable future. But individual farmers
do not have sufficient financial and technological capaci-
ties to implement and use boreholes for lifting groundwa-
ter for crop production.
For Uzbekistan the major share of groundwater extrac-
tion comes from boreholes and dug wells drilled by heavy
equipment during the Soviet period and still operating in
many places. For example in 1992 there were about 45
000 boreholes in total of which 27 000 were operational
[
30
].

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