Are You suprised ?

E.g. He stood immovable like a rock.
Periphrasis is a SD based on the usage of a round-about form of expression instead of a simpler one. There are two types of periphrasis: figurative (metaphoric or metonymic) and logical (the whole phrase is synonymous with the word meant)

E.g. the cap and gown /student/; my better half /my wife/; a gentleman of the long robe /a lawyer/
Euphemism is a variety of periphrasis. It is a word or phrase used to replace an unpleasant word or expression by a conventionally more acceptable one. For instance, instead of the word ‘to die’ people prefer to say: to pass away, to expire, to be no more, to depart, to join the majority, to be gone, etc. Euphemisms aim at producing a deliberately mild effect.

Euphemisms may be divided into several groups according to their sphere of application: 1) religious, 2) moral, 3) medical, 4) parliamentary.

The life of euphemisms is short, because they very soon become closely associated with the object they represent, and give way to new words.
Hyperbole is a deliberate exaggeration of a feature essential to the object or phenomenon. It is characteristic of every day speech, used as a signal of roused emotions.

E.g. He had wine enough to wash an elephant.

There are words, which are used in Hyperbole oftener than others: ‘all’, ‘every’, ‘everybody’, a million’, ‘a thousand’, ‘ever’, ‘never’, etc.

E.g. I told him this hundreds of times!

Understatement is a trope aimed at deliberate belittling

E.g. He had reddish hair