Arakin 4 kurs new 001 176. indd

Commentary
1. 
Forfar
is a small town in Scotland, notable for the “Forfar bri-
dle” — an iron collar with a prong used in medieval days to gag those 
about to be executed — kept in the town hall.
2. 
Berwick-upon-Tweed,
the nethermost town of England, was 
once a great port of Scotland, and it changed hands 13 times before 
finally becoming English territory.

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3. 
Otherworldly, indeed! 
Indeed (informal, especially British) is used 
to show that you are surprised at something or that you find something 
ridiculous. “A ghost, indeed! I’ve never heard anything so silly.”
4. 
York Minster
is England’s largest medieval cathedral, famous for 
its west front and beautiful stained-glass windows. It took two-and-a 
half centuries, from 1220 to 1470, to complete this poem in stone.
5. 
Lincoln Cathedral
is in the ancient town of Lincoln, North 
Midlands. The magnificent Cathedral Church of St.Mary, rising to 
271 ft, was built between the 11th and 14th centuries and its honey-
coloured stone is said to change colour in varying light.
6. 
Fantasy 
— a literary mode which treats the incredible as per-
fectly natural.
7. 
send someone to Coventry 
(chiefly British)
:
refuse to associate 
or speak to someone as a sign of disapproval or punishment. The origins 
of the phrase 
send someone to Coventry
, recorded since the 18th 
century, are uncertain. It is sometimes said to derive from the treatment 
suffered in the past by soldiers stationed in the west Midlands city of 
Coventry, who were unpopular with the townspeople. Alternatively, it 
may have arisen because Royalist prisoners were sent there during the 
English Civil War (1642-9): the city was held by Parliamentary forces 
and was thus unlikely to give the prisoners a warm welcome.
8.