8-semester
1
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Extraction of toxic substances from a biological object using polar solvents. Methods of separation using the acidified water method.
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In the course of chemical and toxicological examination of material evidence, the method of separation of toxic and potent active substances with acidic, neutral and weak basic properties using acidified water is studied. Organic poisons are divided into two groups by extraction from the obtained separation using organic solvent (chloroform) under acidic and alkaline conditions.
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2
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Fluid-to-liquid extraction. Determination of phenacetin, salicylic acid, acetyl salicylic acid from the extract.
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Comparison of general and specific methods for the separation of acidic, neutral and weakly basic substances from the material evidence. Selection of the method of separation based on the nature of the object and the physical and chemical properties of the substance sought. Study of the purification of toxic substances extracted under acidic conditions using an organic solvent.
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3
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Determination of phenazone (antipyrine), phenylbutazone (amidopyrine), propiphenazone (butadione), metamizole sodium (analgin) from thin and liquid substances by thin-layer chromatography.
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Masters the conditions for the determination of antipyrine, amidopyrine, analgin, butadione from pure solutions and unknown content by qualitative reactions.
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4
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Preparation of reagents used in the analysis of alkaloids. Determination of indole alkaloids strychnine, brucine, reserpine from fecal and liquid substances.
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The properties of reagents used in the analysis of alkaloids and their preparation in the laboratory were studied. With the help of organic solvents, which are extracted under acidic and alkaline conditions, they learn which of the toxic substances need to be studied in a complete forensic chemical analysis. Students will learn how to determine the authenticity of pure solutions of the alkaloids strychnine, brucine and reserpine using their own reagents.
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5
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Determination of purine (caffeine, theobramine, theophelline) alkaloids from decomposition and liquid substances. Caffeine addiction. Spectrophotometric analysis.
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They study the methods of determining the authenticity of the alkaloids of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline from pure solutions, and after distinguishing the unknown substance given by the teacher, check the accuracy of the substance determined from the physical evidence. They study the conditions of spectrophotometric analysis of purine alkaloids.
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6
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Determination of nicotine, anabazine and paxicarpine alkaloids from fission and liquid material. Tobacco addiction. Microcrystalloscopic analysis.
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They study the methods of purification of alkaline substances from foreign substances, the removal of liquid alkaloids by water vapor, the analysis of chemical, pharmacological and physicochemical methods. Students will learn how to determine the authenticity of nicotine, anabasine, paxicarpine, and other alkaloids belonging to this group from pure solutions. Through this topic, students will get acquainted with the technique of correct execution of the method of microcrystalloscopic analysis and perform the method themselves.
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7
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Determination of atropine, scopolamine, quinine and papaverine alkaloids from fecal and liquid substances. Application of gel chromatography.
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Students will learn to identify atropine, scopolamine, quinine, and other substances in this group in pure solutions. This group learns to separate the unknown substance from the physical evidence stored by the substance and then analyze it. Gain an understanding of analysis using gel chromatography.
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8
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Determination of novocaine, dicaine, lidocaine diphenhydramine, substances fromfission and liquid substances. Analysis by photoelectrocalorimetry.
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They will have an understanding of the toxicological significance of synthetic drugs, have practical skills in distinguishing them from material evidence and methods of analysis. Gain an understanding of analysis by the method of photoelectrocalorimetry.
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9
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Antidepressant drugs in forensic toxicology. Their analysis by TDSIS.
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They will have an idea of the symptoms of poisoning with antidepressant medications. They develop the ability to apply the TDSIS method in their analysis.
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10
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Methane and carbon monoxide poisoning. Analysis of carboxyhemoglobin from blood by chemical and physicochemical methods.
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Gain an understanding of cases of methane and carbon monoxide poisoning. They will be able to perform analysis of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood by spectral methods.
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11
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Substances to be analyzed separately. Identify an unknown object.
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They will have an understanding of the substances to be analyzed in separate ways. As a forensic chemist, a thorough analysis is performed and they have the ability to detect an unknown toxin.
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12
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Dialysis. Toxins detected by water from the facility. Extraction and determination of mineral acids, alkalis and their salts from dialysate. Mineral acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric acids).
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Gain an understanding of the specific properties of water-soluble substances. Learn to conduct specific analysis of mineral acids and alkalis.
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13
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Agricultural pesticides, organophosphorus, organochlorine toxic chemicals. Extraction and determination of chlorophos, carbophos, hexachlorane.
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They will be able to determine the presence of pesticides in the contaminated object on the basis of preliminary estimates, use chromatographic ―Screen methods, select the method of extraction of toxic chemicals from the contents of biological objects on the basis of probabilistic examination and implement it in practice.
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14
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Derivatives of synthetic pyrethroids. Cypermethrin, Danitol, Detsis. Methods of separating and analyzing them from Objects. Writing and defense of the act of examination.
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They study the reasons for determining the residual amounts of synthetic pyrethroids in plants and get acquainted with the methods of analysis. They will be able to write a forensic chemical examination report.
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