Analysis of morphofunctional and pedagogical indicators of female students with a predisposition to various diseases

Purpose of the research: to determine the annual dynamics of physical development and physical fitness of female students living in ecologically unfavorable environmental conditions and having a predisposition to various diseases.

Research results and discussion. At the Urgen State University (Uzbekistan, Khorezm region), through a questionnaire survey and pedagogical observations, the opinion of students and workers of physical culture and sports on issues of interest to us was revealed. More than 825 respondents took part in it, including 285 physical culture and sports workers and 540 students studying in higher educational institutions.

An analysis of the respondents' answers about the state of the environment in the Khorezm region in comparison with other regions of the republic showed the following: 85.3% of the respondents declared a worse state of the environment than in other regions of the republic; 13.5% answered that the state of the environment in the Khorezm region is “the same as in other regions of the republic”; 1.2% of respondents found it difficult to answer this question. The answer - “better than in other regions of the republic” - was not noted by the respondents. According to the teachers, the current physical culture programs for higher educational institutions do not take into account the state of the environment and its impact on the health of students (78.3%).

The conducted sociological research among students and physical culture workers allows us to draw the following conclusions:

- students and teachers of physical education are aware of the impact of the environment on the state of health;

- in the opinion of the teachers, the current physical education programs do not take into account the state of the environment, and the methodological literature, which provides for the specifics of conducting physical education classes with students in ecologically unfavorable regions, is not enough;

- in educational and independent classes in physical education, modern non-traditional types of health-improving physical culture are practically not used;

- in the university, in physical education classes, a differentiated approach is not carried out, taking into account the predisposition of students to various diseases, which could increase the health-improving capabilities of educational and independent physical education classes.

At the beginning of the 2017-2018 academic year, more than 700 female students were examined using the method of computerized electropuncture diagnostics.

An analysis of domestic and foreign studies related to the determination of various properties of biologically active (reflexogenic) zones on the skin surface, using the method of computerized electropuncture diagnostics, indicates the possibility of obtaining diagnostic information from these zones. So, by changing the electrical parameters of biologically active zones, including the eclectic conductivity (the strength of the passing current), one can judge the localization of the pathological process, as well as its dynamics during the development of the disease or during treatment. In addition, it has been shown that these changes in these biologically active zones can appear earlier than clear clinical signs of the disease, i.e. identification of early stages of the disease is possible.

With the help of this technique, the confirmation of the results of the analysis of the medical records of the examined female students was obtained.

Analysis of the research results revealed 3 main groups predisposed to functional changes in the health status of female students: group 1 - cardiovascular system (CVS); Group 2 - the respiratory system (DS); Group 3 - musculoskeletal system (ODA).

The dynamics of morphological and functional indicators of the 1st group of female students in the 2017-2018 academic year is presented in Table 1.

Analysis of the dynamics of the main morphological and functional indicators of girl students in three groups revealed the following: the average value in terms of length and body weight among girls at the beginning of the school year was respectively: in group 1 154.3 ± 4.2 cm and 54.8 ± 5.3 kg, and at the end - 155.2 ± 4.6 cm and 56.1 ± 5.8 kg (P <0.05); in the 2nd group - 154.1 ± 4.3 cm and 54.5 ± 4.6 kg, and at the end - 154.9 ± 4.9 cm (P> 0.05) and 55.4 ± 4, 9 kg (P <0.01); in group 3 - 154.2 ± 4.5 cm and 53.3 ± 4.3 kg, and at the end - 154.9 ± 4.9 cm (P> 0.05) and 54.2 ± 4, 7 kg (P <0.05).

The average values ​​of the functional indicators of the vital capacity of the lungs (VC), the Ruffier-Dixon index (IRD), the Shtange and Gench tests in girls of three groups at the beginning of the school year were, respectively: in the 1st group - 2.4 ± 0.6 l, 11 , 1 ± 0.7, 28.3 ± 2.4 s and 18.8 ± 3.4 s, and at the end - 2.3 ± 0.6 L (P <0.05), 11.3 ± 0 , 8 (P> 0.05), 27.8 ± 2.2 s (P <0.05) and 18.1 ± 3.2 s (P <0.01); in the 2nd - 2.2 ± 0.5 l, 10.9 ± 0.6, 18.8 ± 2.2 s and 13.7 ± 2.9 s, and at the end - 2.0 ± 0, 4 L (P> 0.05), 11.1 ± 0.7 (P> 0.05), 18.1 ± 2.0 s (P <0.05) and 13.1 ± 2.6 s ( P> 0.05); in group 3 - 2.8 ± 0.5 l, 11.1 ± 1.1, 31.3 ± 2.1 s and 20.7 ± 2.3 s, and at the end - 2.7 ± 0 , 7 L (P> 0.01), 10.9 ± 1.2 (P> 0.05), 29.2 ± 2.7 s (P <0.01) and 18.8 ± 3.1 s (P <0.05).

To determine the level of physical fitness (FP) and public health, special tests "Alpomysh" and "Barchina" were used, developed by the Ministry of Physical Culture and Sports of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Public Education, the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources , Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Defense, Council of the Federation of Trade Unions of Uzbekistan for girls and boys 18-23 years old.

The girls were tested according to the following program: running 100 m, running 2000 m, long jump from a standing position, bending forward from a standing position to determine flexibility, lifting the torso from a supine position, running-walking for 6 minutes, throwing a grenade ...

The dynamics of FP among female students of three groups during the academic year revealed the following tendency:

Running at 100 meters.The average result among girls at the beginning of the school year was 19.7 ± 0.8 m / s in the 1st group, 19.6 ± 1.2 m / s in the 2nd group, and in the 3rd - 19.5 ± 1.1 m / s, and at the end, respectively - 19.3 ± 1.0 m / s, 19.3 ± 1.0 m / s and 19.1 ± 0.8 m / s ( P> 0.05).

Cross at 2000 m.The average result among girls at the beginning of the school year was 15.51 ± 0.8 min / sec in the 1st group, 15.23 ± 0.7 min / sec in the 2nd group, and in the 3rd - 15.31 ± 0.6 min / sec, and at the end, respectively - 15.21 ± 0.6 min / sec, 15.09 ± 0.8 min / sec and 15.12 ± 0.4 min / sec. The differences are statistically insignificant (P> 0.05).

Long jump from a place. The average result among girls in the first dimension was 149.2 ± 4.8 cm in the 1st group, 152.7 ± 5.3 cm in the 2nd, and 150.8 ± 4.3 cm in the 3rd, and at the end, respectively - 151.8 ± 3.6 cm (P <0.05), 154.1 ± 4.0 cm (P> 0.05) and 155.3 ± 2.2 cm (P <0, 05).

Raising the torso from a prone position. The average result among girls in the first dimension was 19.0 ± 4.0 times in group 1, 15.0 ± 5.0 times in group 2, and 18.0 ± 3.0 times in group 3, and at the end, respectively - 20.0 ± 4.6 times, 16.0 ± 4.2 times and 21.0 ± 4.7 times. The differences are statistically insignificant (P> 0.05).

Jogging and walking 6 min. The average result among girls in the first dimension was 945.3 ± 41.5 m in the 1st group, 854.3 ± 51.3 m in the 2nd and 871.5 ± 32.3 m in the 3rd, and at the end, respectively - 950.4 ± 38.4 m, 868.5 ± 43.8 m and 891.4 ± 22.1 m.The differences are statistically insignificant (P> 0.05).

Throwing a grenade. The average result among girls in the first dimension was 17.4 ± 1.1 m in group 1, 16.2 ± 2.2 m in group 2, and 17.0 ± 1.3 m in group 3, and at the end, respectively - 17.8 ± 0.9 m (P <0.05), 17.8 ± 1.4 m (P <0.05) and 17.8 ± 1.8 m (P> 0, 05).

The analysis of the AF dynamics of the 1st group girl students (predisposition to diseases in the cardiovascular system) is presented in Table 1.