Alphabet Aa [ei] Nn [en] Bb [bi:] Oo [ou] Cc [si:] Pp [pi:] Dd [di:] Qq [qju:] Ee [i:] Rr [a:] Ff [ef] Ss [es] Gg [ji] Tt [ti:] Hh [eich] Uu [ju:] II [ai] VV [vi:] Jj [jei] Ww [d blju

Istisno: Agar must modal fe`li burch yoki qatiy buyruq yoki taqiqni ifodalasa zamon o`zgartirmaydi ya`ni had to ga o`zgarmaydi. Lekin qatiy taqiqni ifodalamasa had to ga o`zgartiriladi.

M-n: Jane says : “one must follow the Law”. Jeyn har bir inson qonunga rioya qilishi kerakligini aytdi. Jane said that one must follow the Law.

Jane said: “I must clean the house today.”

Jane said that she had to clean the house that day.

d) Agar ko`chirma gap tarkibidagi ergash gapda let`s “keling” taklif ma`nosini ifodalovchi fe`li qatnashgan bo`lsa, o`zlashtirma gapga aylantirganimizda o`zlashtirma gap tarkibidagi bosh gapning fe`li suggest “taklif qilmoq” fe`liga o`zgartiriladi. Let`s+ V1; suggest + gerund(ing);

M-n: Jane says: “Let`s play football.” Jeyn deydi keling fudbo`l o`ynaymiz.

Jane suggests playing football. Jeyn fudbo`l o`ynashni taklif qiladi.

Agar ko`chirma gapda “all right”, “yes” takid va rozilikni ifodalovchi so`zlar qatnashsa, bosh gapning kesimi “agree” “rozi bo`lmoq”, “ko`nmoq” fe`liga o`zgartiriladi.

M-n: “All right” – she said. → She agreed.

Agar ko`chirma gap tarkibida “no” inkor bildiruvchi so`z qatnashsa, o`zlashtirma gapga aylantirganimizda bosh ganing kesimi “refuse” ga o`zgartiriladi.

M-n: She said: “no”. She refused. She said: “No, I`ll not go.” She refused to go.

e) Agar ko`chirma gapda ilmiy jihatdan isbotlangan yoki mutloq haqiqat deb topilgan faktlar berilsa, o`zlashtirma gapga aylantirilganda zamonlar moslashuvi kuzatilmaydi.

M-n: He says: “The water boils at 100º”.

He said that the water boils at 100º.

Mood

(Mayl)

Ingliz tilida 3 ta mayl mavjud.

1. Indicative mood – xabar mayli

2. Imperative mood – buyruq mayl

3. Subjunctice mood – shart - ishtak mayl.

1. Indicative mood – real ish-harakatlarni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi.

M-n: I wrote the article yesterday.