In 1998, when both Brin and Page were still students at Stanford, the quality of
data) and with a myriad of spammers.
CHAPTER 11
Getting the Right Web page
211
The use of spammers in this case doesn’t refer to email spammers (those spam-
mers who send unrequested emails to your Inbox) but rather to web spammers
(those who know the economic importance of having pages at the top of search
results). This group devised sophisticated and malicious tricks in order to fool
search results. Popular hacks by web spammers of the day include:
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