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- slaked lime;
- standard fire extinguishing powder containing ammophos;
- sludge from the chemical unit (filtered) of the cold rolling plant of the steel
sheet containing iron oxide;
- dolomite dust;
- baking soda (sodium bicarbonate);
- natural gypsum;
- the precipitate is neutralized by acidic effluent.
The results of experimental studies on the adopted methodology are given in
table 1.
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Table 1-results of experimental studies
Appellation
Humidity
t,°C
Р,
mm.Hg.St.
%, gas Weight
of
samples
The result of
samples
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
600
о
Natural gypsum 70
19,5 720
5
700
о
800
о
1000
о
8
1100
о
1000
о
2000
о
3
3000
о
600
о
900
о
1500
о
3000
о
3
1500
о
75
19,5
719
2000
2000
о
Baking soda
5
4000
4500
3000
о
7
4000
4200
2000
9
1500
1000
о
3000
5
1000
о
85
20
713
2200
о
Slaked lime
2600
о
3
1000
900
500
100
о
200
о
2500
7
2000
1900
о
1800
о
1800
9
1000
500
о
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2000
Sludge from the
chemical unit
80
26
714
3
1000
о
1500
1300
3000
о
5
3500
о
1100
1200
о
8
1700
о
2000
о
2500
3000
500
9
1000
1100
1500
о
Dolomite
85
25
715
3
2000
о
3000
3500
2000
6
3000
о
4000
о
5000
о
1500
о
9
2000
о
3000
2500
1500
о
2000
о
7,5
3000
о
4000
о
2000
о
4
3000
о
4000
о
5000
80
26
727
3
400+400
Amophos+dolo
mite (1:1)
500+500
200+200
о
100+100
о
600+600
о
6
1000+1000
о
1100+1100
1250+1250
7,5
1250+1250
1000+1000
500+500
100+100
о
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1000+1000
9
500+500
100+100
о
500+500
Amophos+limest
on (1:1)
75
20
720
300+300
3
200+200
о
100+100
о
800+800
1000+1000
5
1200+1200
о
1300+1300
о
1250+1250
о
1000+1000
о
7
500+500
300+300
100+100
1250+1250
о
1000+1000
о
9
800+800
500+500
100+100
The results of experimental studies on the accepted method of determining
the explosive efficiency of dust-like substances are shown in figures 1 - 6.
Fig.1 - the Influence of ammonium phosphate on explosion ability of the gas
mixture
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Fig.2 - Impact of dolomite dust figure
Fig.3 - Effect of slaked lime-gas-air
mixture explosion
Fig. 4-effect of soda (a) and gypsum (b) on explosiongas-air mixture
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Fig.5-Effect of precipitation of neutralized acidic runoff (a) and iron oxide (b)
gas-air mixture explosion
Content of gas-air mixture, %
1-Standard powder P - 2AP, containing ammophos;
2-dolomite; 3 - slaked lime; 4-soda; 5-Gypsum;
6-Precipitation of neutralized acid waste streams;
7-iron Oxide formed during regeneration of spent
the etching solution
Fig. 6 - the Effect of pulverized additives substances on vzryvaet gas mixture
The results of more than a hundred experiments have shown that the
efficiency of a standard powder is much higher than that of the other samples
studied [4-6]. Its extinguishing concentration is-350 g/m
3
, while dolomite - 1280
g/m
3
, slaked lime - 1470 g / m
3
. The rest of the samples in the batches of test
substances to 2000 g/m
3
failed to create a fire extinguishing concentration of the
most volatile compounds of the mixture, but the dynamics of the curves traced the
following efficiency range:
Fe
2
0
3
4
• 2Н
2
0 < Са(ОН)
2
<(Ca,Mg)C0
3
4
H
2
P0
4
+(NH
4
)
2
HP0
4
It follows from the obtained data that dolomite and lime with an explosive
capacity of 1.28 and 1.47 kg/m
3
, respectively, can become acceptable for the
development of explosive compositions [7-10]. Experimental data are correlated
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30
with the calculated data where dolomite with
0
298
H
about 140 kJ/mol, more
efficient lime
0
298
H
equal to 108 kJ/mol. However, their effectiveness is 3.7-4.2
times lower than that of ammophos.
To improve their explosive power, it was decided to mix them with expired
standard powders.
The conclusions of investigation and perspectives of further
development:
There is experimentally established fire-extinguishing ability rising on the
link:
Fe
2
0
3
4
• 2Н
2
0 < Са(ОН)
2
<(Ca,Mg)C0
3
4
H
2
P0
4
+(NH
4
)
2
HP0
4
Theoretically determined meanings of endothermic effects for decomposing
reactions of powders on the base components of fire-extinguishing powders with
relative fire-extinguishing ability on established order are correlated.
REFERENCES
1. Effect of inorganic additives on the explosion hazards of coal dust. J. Corecld,
T. Szkred //Proc. Shenyang Int. Symp. Dust Explos, henyang. Sept.
14-16, 1987. - Snenyabg, 1987. - P. 528-538.
2. Plotnikov V. M., Belyaev V. V. Destructive and damaging effects from an
accidental explosion. - Almaty, 2001. - 98 p.
3. Govorov V. I., Chernyshev A. A., Chernyshova T. P., Prokhorenko N. New
prospects of utilization of metallurgical wastes //Mat-ly Republican. scientific.
scient. Conf. "Innovations in ecology". - Kokshetau, 2004. - P. 157-160.
4. Govorov V. I., Chernyshev A. A. On directions in the prevention of explosions of
powder materials // Technology of metals: collection of scientific works.
Tr. Carmate. - Almaty, 2000. - Pp. 171-172.
5. Guidance on operation and application of automated systems vzryvopodavlenija
- localization of explosions (ASVP - LV) in underground excavations of coal
mines, hazardous gas and dust. The Department of coal industry of the Ministry
of energy. Introduced 20.11.03. - M.,2003. - 25 P.
6. Govorov V. I., Chernyshev A. A., O. S., Krivenko T. S. Method of evaluation of
efficiency of fire extinguishing powder waste // Technology of metals and
secondary materials: collection of scientific works.Tr. Carmate. - Temirtau, 2004.
- P. 166-169.
7. Kim A.V., Chernyshev A. A. Criteria of fire and inflammation of industrial dusts //
national center for scientific and technical information. Karaganda, 2007. - 21 S.
8. Kuduk V. A., Markin A. M., Dolgopolov A. V. Problems of methodology of
determination of fire extinguishing ability of the powder means for unattended
installations //Large fires: prevention and extinguishing/ Materials of scientific
conference. - M.: VNIIPO, 2001. - Pp. 180-183.
9. Chernyshev A. A. On the possibility of using dolomite dust in fire-extinguishing
compositions, Proc. international. Rauch. scient. Conf. "Scientific - technical
progress in metallurgy". - Karaganda, 2007. - S. 365-368.
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