Актуальные научные исследования в современном мире iscience. In. Ua

«MODERN SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES AND TRENDS»
 
SCIENCECENTRUM.PL 
ISSUE 3 
ISBN 978-83-949403-3-1 
138
genre, but they are close to science, and this contributes to their popularity in our 
time, characteristic of the flourishing of science [10, p. 34]. 
The genre of the aphorism is attractive to the reader by the novelty and 
unexpectedness of the content, the sharpness of form. He is attractive both in a 
separate form, and in the context of speech, article and artwork. In order to 
characterize the aphorism most fully, we conducted a definitional analysis. 
"Aphorism (Greek aphorisms - definition, short utterance), a short saying 
expressing some generalized finished instructive or paradoxical thought. Sources of 
aphorisms - literary works, stories about cases from the life of historical
persons" [1, p. 24]. Aphorisms - created exactly as aphorisms prevail in numerous 
collections of aphorisms and on Internet sites, less volume is made by winged 
phrases and quotations created in the context of works or speeches of authors. The 
most striking representatives of the aphorism as an independent genre:
F. de La Rochefoucauld, N. Shamfort, B. Pascal, I.V. Goethe, S.E. Lets, parodic 
aphorisms of Kozma Prutkov, and others. Yet many aphorisms are quotations from 
more extensive works; for example, most of Oscar Wilde's aphorisms are replicas of 
his plays. In such cases, the aphorism takes the form of a quotation, in view of the 
fact that the emphasis is not so much on the wisdom of a statement as on its 
author. 
In the aphorism are widely used puns play words, logical shifts, manifested 
in the opposition of similar concepts and the identification of the opposite; the 
unexpected is achieved by the destruction of the bonds and associations that are 
fixed after the words. The aphorism is "an utterance, expressing in a laconic form a 
generalized finished thought" [7, p. 105]. However, there are many other definitions 
of the aphorism, they are reflected in the reference literature of the Х1Х-ХХ cc. In 
some dictionaries aphorism is defined as a deep instructive thought,
judgment [8, p. 63], in others - the aphorism is perceived as a synonym for 
utterance, utterances emphasize the oldest character of the aphorism as a literary 
genre [2, p. 434]. Aphorism is a thought expressed in a paradoxical, unexpected, 
figurative form, a thought that performs pirouette (Joris de Bruijn). There are 
sayings that make you think; there are phrases that make you smile. But the best 
are those in which a smile and a thought cannot be divided. "Aphorism is an original 
finished thought, uttered or recorded in laconic, memorable text form and 
subsequently repeatedly reproduced by other people. In the aphorism, the limiting 
concentration of direct communication and the context in which thought is perceived 
by the surrounding listeners or the reader is reached " [12, p. 431]. 
Aphorism (Greek) - a thought expressed in an extremely brief, laconic form. 
In Russian, the word "aphorism" is known from the XVIII century. in dictionaries it 
begins to be celebrated from 1 789. The original source is Greek. - Definition from 
the word "I separate" ("delineate", "define"). The aphorism is ordered logically and 
syntactically, often rhythmically. The usual forms of the aphorism are the call ("Bdi!" 
Kozma Prutkov), the definition ("Love is a kind of madness, but it alone fills life with 
meaning" by A. Mauroy) or a phrase built with parallel constructions ("There are 
thousands of ways to get a woman speak and not a single one to silence her 
"Bushhe). "The aphorism, the judgment of a general nature, expressed in laconic 
artistic form and, as a rule, belonging to a certain author. Science is an ensemble of 
recipes that are always fulfilled (P. Valerie). The term aphorism is used as a generic 

---