Аждодлардан мерос қолган дўмбирам

RECOGNITION AND RECOGNITION

The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the State Committee for Tourism Development, the National News Agency of Uzbekistan, the National Television and Radio Company of Uzbekistan, Dunyo News Agency and Surkhandarya region khokimiyat Thanks to the independence of the International Festival of the Art of Bakhchisarai, the art of bakhshis is very important in our country. This means that this ancient art is developing rapidly, and the ranks of our bakhshis, which only a few decades ago were small, are growing at the expense of talented young people.

At this point, the question arises: what was the state of the art of baxshi before independence? The short answer to this question is that this ancient art and its representatives, the bakhshis, were almost completely ignored. The activities of the bakhshis were of interest only to their fans and a group of scholars. Zero, R. O. Yunusov, B. Karimov, X. Zarifov, J. Qobulniyozov, H. Razzoqov, T. G'oziboev, A. Qahhorov, M. Murodov, M. Saidov, T. Mirzaev, B. Sarimsoqov, J. Eshonqulov, Sh. Turdimov, M. Jo'raev, A. It is safe to say that thanks to the efforts of our folklore scholars such as Ergashev, the art of baxshi has been preserved. After all, our folklore scholars not only studied and researched the rich spiritual heritage of our people - all kinds of folklore, but also inspired the representatives of this field, including our bakhshis, and became their wings as much as possible.
But despite this, it was no secret that many representatives of the art of baxshi were ignored and gradually disappeared from the memory of the people, as they were ignored before independence. Today, no one remembers most of the bakhshis who sang in their time with their mouths wide open, only their names and the epics they sang are remembered by old people as a distant memory. If we give a small example of this, one of such fiery bakhshis is Chorshanbi Rakhmatillaev from Surkhandarya. With a sharp voice, this bakhshi was one of the most prolific creators. Not only did he sing traditional songs and epics, but he, like his teachers, composed more than a dozen epics. Unfortunately, only two of the epics created by this bakhshi, the epics Toshbosar and Kelinoy, have survived. This is due to the efforts of the People's Bakhshi of Uzbekistan Abdunazar Poyonov. Abdunazar Bakhshi recalls his teacher: “Chorshanbi Bakhshi was one of the greatest artists of his time, that is, of the last century. His voice and voice were excellent. In addition to singing traditional epics with great interest, Chorshanbi Bakhshi also created new epics, but did not write any of them on paper. While listening to the epics "Toshbosar" and "Kelinoy", I personally wrote them down. Seeing this move of mine, once Wednesday said in a low voice, "Oh, what are you going to do with your torture, who needs the epics I've created?" Later, I realized that the teacher was referring to attention and recognition at that time. Here we have achieved a happiness that he could not have achieved, that is, thanks to the independence, the bakhshis also received attention and recognition. Our epics are no longer left in us, they are published in book form, they are in the golden treasury of Uzbek radio and attract the attention of our scientists. Our singers are making beautiful performances through the mirror world. In addition, the art of baxshi is gaining attention around the world. Now that I think about it, Wednesday is what Bakhshi meant. ” People's Poet of Uzbekistan Khushvaqt Mardonokulov commented on this: “Everyone needs attention and recognition, especially creative people. Because attention and recognition are two wings, one lifts one to great heights. Our bakhshis and drummers were deprived of this "wing". We had a man like Wednesday. He was called Sayqal Polvon. Saykal Kulmanov was a very good drummer. In addition to playing the drums, he used to create new melodies for our bakhshis. Because although the bakhshi is a thousand skilled narrators, he is lame in creating melodies. He can use one tune in several teams. To prevent this, the sculptor presented the melodies he had created to the bakhshis. And he would create new tunes at their request. He created many melodies. Unfortunately, not all of them survived. A certain part of the melodies created by the sculptor is preserved in me, as well as in the bisot of some of our bakhshis. Unfortunately, no one was interested in the melodies created by him except the bakhshis. Why? Because there was no attention and recognition at that time. We achieved this after independence. On the day I was awarded the title of "People's Bakhshi of Uzbekistan", I felt like I was born again, I was very happy that my work was not in vain, and I shed tears of joy! But these happy days did not come to Sayqal Polvon. He passed through this world by tapping his drum. I remember knocking on his drum and sometimes saying, "U-u, bakhshi, you see, one day the labor of bakhshis will come to the surface!" He said. Fortunately, the days he said have come. ” If we talk about the work of the drummer Sayqal, he could recite dozens of folk epics, hundreds of national anthems, although he did not perform epics and national anthems.He used to create melodies dedicated to the epics he knew. Some of the drum melodies created by Sayqal Polvon are still preserved in the bisot of Abdunazar Bakhshi Poyonov and Muhammad Bakhshi Eshboev. No, not just preserved, but sung by them. In other words, in the words of the great bakhshi Qadir Rahim oglu, the drum is not a simple word, it can create hundreds and thousands of melodies. Unfortunately, most people ignore this old word on their own. They think it's useless for anything but tinkling. No, the drum is a great word, a mysterious and magical word that has come down to us from our ancient ancestors! To understand this, one must have a heart, a heart! These are the words of the son of Almighty Blessed Rahim, his exhortations.
At that time, when I got acquainted with the critics of the drum and showed their work through the mirror world, I personally witnessed and heard a lot of people say, "Shuya is a musical instrument, it has no curtains and no appearance." Well, that's a thing of the past. What kind of drum is that? Muhammad Bakhshi Eshboev says: “The drum is one of the most ancient words, and its history dates back thousands of years. According to the narration, when a human being felt the desire to sing and prayed to Allah, he was given this word. This is a legend, but it is true that it is one of the ancient words. We, the bakhshis, always pay special attention to the harmony of words and sounds when playing this word in a unique style. We try to fully preserve the ancient value without going beyond the guidance of teachers in the wording. The peculiarity of this two-stringed, unveiled word, which is very simple in appearance, is that it is not a finger, but a heart, a heart ... ”
However, since we are talking about attention and recognition, and everything in this world of life depends on it, we cannot pass without taking a look at the recent past to feel from the heart how important these two words are. After all, I think it would be useful to take a look back to get a deeper sense of how happy today is. So, this happened in the early eighties of the last century. The late Ural Utaev, then editor-in-chief of Uzbekistan TV, and Usmon Azimov, a People's Poet of Uzbekistan working for the radio, invited one or two of the bakhshis to Tashkent to record their performances and broadcast the bakhshis for the first time. I don't know what happened on the radio after the broadcast, but it was like a hurricane on TV. It was our colleagues, not foreigners, who raised the ayyuhannos: "What is this - neither the melody nor the words can be understood." At the creative meeting of the editor-in-chief, there were those who laughed at the old word "bitch" and demanded that the bakhshis "sing in an open voice, not in a muffled voice," and "whether the audience needs it." However, despite the opposition, O. Utaev did not back down and continued to promote and propagate the art of baxshi. Unfortunately, his patience did not last long, and apparently a year later the show about the bakhshis came to a halt.
After a couple of years, when there were no shows about bakhshis, I consulted with director Dilorom Karimova and decided to continue this work, revealing my intentions to Ural Otov. When he got acquainted with the plan, he said it was a mess. I said I would put up with everything for the promotion of ancient art. The work began when the man wished for a white road as a generous, kind-hearted leader. Instead of calling the bakhshis on TV, we started filming them in their places. However, at that time there were no modern technical means, our day was spent on a narrow-belt film camera. For us, it was not the inconvenience of filming equipment, but the problem of finding the best people in the field. As the saying goes, art does not develop where there is no attention and recognition, the indifference of those who were disillusioned with generosity during the journey, the ugliness of those who did not fully master a epic, and even worse, the helplessness of the teacher-disciple tradition. In turn, while holding on to the skirts of this ancient art, there were plenty of bakhshis who patiently created. This is what gave us strength and support, and we were determined not to be bothered by the hardships of the journey, but to bear the burden of forgiveness. Soon we noticed a strong revival among the bakhshis. In the words of the People's Bakhshi of Uzbekistan Khushvaqt Mardonakulov, just as the master bakhshis woke up from their slumber and wanted a student, so the young people who were interested in bakhshi began to look for a teacher. By the way, when the time comes, we cannot pass without mentioning an exemplary event. On a trip to the mountains of Kashkadarya region, a young man with a drum came to me. Someone now, a young man named Master Muhammad Bakhshi Eshboev, looked at me hopefully and said, "Brother, you know Bakhshi well, if you can find me a good teacher." At that time, just like now, I liked the teaching style of Abdunazar Bakhshi Poyonov from Surkhandarya, who sincerely taught young people the secrets of baxshi, and I told him that only this teacher was far away. The young man said, "If he is a good teacher, as you say, I will move to that country tomorrow!" He said. As I address the bakhshi, I point to the majestic mountains, the blue pines, the spring next to me, the playful river next to me: "Will you leave such beautiful places and move to a steppe with a hot sun?" I said. The young man said to himself, “Yes, I will move! If there is a teacher who teaches the secrets of generosity not only sincerely, I will move to the other side of the world! ” Needless to say, I didn’t believe the flax. But look at this, the young man has really moved to the steppe where the teacher lives. Abdunazar Bakhshi mastered all the secrets of this ancient art and later established a school of bakhshis there, in Qizirik district. Currently, he is teaching young people at the Children's Music and Art School No. 22 in Termez.
So what does this mean?
Abdunazar Bakhshi Poyonov explains this as follows: “It means that the great love for bakhsh has existed in the blood and soul of our people since ancient times. Had it not been for the fact that this great love was constantly flowing and stirring in our souls and in our hearts, charity would never have disappeared. If we look at history, in the middle of the last century and beyond, our bakhshis did not face any obstacles, nor did any of our bakhshis be exiled to distant lands. It is true that some bakhshis have left this sphere due to pressure, but, most importantly, no matter how powerful the black forces, they have not been able to extinguish the great love for bakhshis from the hearts of our people! By this I mean that if that great love lives on in the spirit of our people, know that new bakhshis will emerge from our people, and our young people will continue to blacken the master bakhshis, not far and near. As the famous wrestler said, generosity is not lust, but love first of all! Just as love knows no boundaries, so it ignores obstacles! ” Shomurod Togaev, the People's Bakhshi of Uzbekistan, who plays the drums on our floor, confirms the opinion of Abdunazar Bakhshi and recalls his dark days: “My father Togay Bakhshi Mahmanov was exiled to cold Siberia with his whole family because he was a bakhshi. I was a baby then and lived there until I was seventeen, losing my mother and brothers in Siberia. But my father, Uncle Bakhshi, did not let go of his drum in spite of all this suffering. Kami pushes me to forgiveness too. If you know, I recited the first epic poem I learned from my father while sitting in the thick snow in the cold forests of Siberia, leaning against the pines. What I mean by this is that no matter how much the torment of exile tormented our bodies, my father could not take the word out of our hands, that is, he could not snatch the epic from our hearts. Someone may have endured this ordeal and been forced to retreat, but not all! If I had to retreat, my father, Uncle Bakhshi, would retreat, and I, Shomurod Bakhshi, would retreat! We did not retreat! Because I have seen and experienced such hard days, our bright days today seem like a fairy tale to me personally, and the language of the epic never tires of thanking me for a second! This is the real and main reason why I sing about my dear country and its independence! I will sing my country as long as I live! ”
During our trip, I met and talked to a couple of elderly people who had left the pastor unable to withstand the terrible pressures of the last century. I will never forget the painful cry of one of these men, who clung to his white beard and cried, "They didn't sing for me, but my grandchildren will sing, of course." Yes, their grandchildren are singing. Because after independence, a lot of attention was paid to charity. It was recognized by the people of ancient art. In the first years of independence, a huge conference dedicated to the epic "Alpomish" was held. The title of "People's Bakhshi of Uzbekistan" was established. Bakhshi competitions are held regularly and a school of baxshi has been established to ensure the survival of this ancient art.
As for the first International Bakhshi Festival in April this year, it was attended by 14 bakhshis from 24 countries, and one of the first two places was awarded to the People's Bakhshi of Uzbekistan Abdunazar Poyonov. a number of our bakhshis, including our youth, also won high places. It is possible to see in the example of such conferences that the flight of our bakhshis, which has gained attention and recognition due to independence, is increasing year by year, that is, their grandchildren are singing as their grandfathers dreamed.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Ancient Observatory ................................................ ....................................... 2

Along the Great Wall of China - Kanpirak ....................................................... 8
Khamkonkoli ................................................. .................................................. 14
The cave of the first Amir Temur ...................................... ............................ 25
The second cave of Amir Temur .............................................. ..................... 43
Peshigor ................................................. .................................................. ...... 54
Traces of civilization ................................................ ...................................... 61
Along the Nurata Mountains ............................................... .......................... 67
Bakhshi …………………………………………………………………….....................................… ..74
Attention and recognition ……………………………………................. …… …………… ... 93