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IELTS
 JOURNAL 
 
 
39 
Describing Processes 
Occasionally, you will have to describe a process in the test instead of a graph. Although 
this type of diagram is less common to see in the test, it is still important to have an 
understanding of how to tackle this should it arise. 
While describing a process, explain the sequence of stages or actions and use words like 
firstly, secondly, thirdly, then, next, after that, in addition, otherwise, at the same time, 
concurrently, simultaneously and finally. These words help you show the sequence of 
actions more accurately. Try to describe every stage of the process one by one.  
Connect the stages by using linking words that mentioned earlier, words like firstly, then, 
etc. Mention whether or not there are stages that are being performed at the same time. 
You should also notice alternative stages. For example, either stage A or B is performed first 
or at the same time. The main task here is to describe all the stages.  
Wherever possible, try to make comparisons to make your writing flow more naturally. Use 
the present simple tense and its passive form. For example, the ID card is inserted into the 
machine. Remember that there is no need to write an overall view paragraph. You just 
need to write an introduction and two body paragraphs. There is no rule in dividing the 
paragraphs, and everyone can do it differently.  
 

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