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Methodical instruction 1 3

 
SCABIES
 
Scabies 
is
a transmissible ectoparasite skin infection characterized by superficial burrows, intense pruritus 
(itching) and secondary infection. The word scabies comes from the Latin word for "scratch" (scabere). 
ETIOLOGY 
Scabies is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, variety hominis, as shown by the Italian biologist 
Diacinto Cestoni in the 18th century. It produces intense, itchy skin rashes when the impregnated female 
tunnels into the stratum corneum of the skin and deposits eggs in the burrow. The larvae, which hatch in 3-
10 days, move about on the skin, molt into a "nymphal" stage, and then mature into adult mites. The adult 
mites live 3-4 weeks in the host's skin. 
The action of the mites moving within the skin and on the skin itself produces an intense itch which 
may resemble an allergic reaction in appearance. The presence of the eggs produces a massive allergic 
response which, in turn, produces more itching. 
Scabies is transmitted readily, often throughout an entire household, by skin-to-skin contact with an 
infected person (e.g. bed partners, schoolmates, daycare), and thus is sometimes, although inaccurately, 
classed as a sexually transmitted disease. Spread by clothing, bedding, or towels is a less significant risk, 
though possible. 
ONSET 
It takes approximately 4-6 weeks to develop symptoms after initial infestation. Therefore, a person 
may have been contagious for at least a month before being diagnosed. This means that person might have 
passed scabies to anyone at that time with whom they had close contact. Someone who sleeps in the same 


room with a person with scabies has a high possibility of having scabies as well, although they may not show 
symptoms. 
The symptoms are caused by an allergic reaction that the body develops over time to the mites and 
their by-products under the skin, thus the 4-6 week "incubation" period. There are usually relatively few 
mites on a normal, healthy person — about 11 females in burrows. Scabies are microscopic although 
sometimes they are visible as a pinpoint of white. The females burrow into the skin and lay eggs there. Males 
roam on top of the skin, however, they can and do occasionally burrow. Both males and females surface at 
times, especially at night. They can be washed or scratched off (however scratching should be done with a 
washcloth to avoid cutting the skin as this can lead to infection), which, although not a cure, helps to keep 
the total population low. Also, humans create antibodies to the scabies mites which do kill some of them. 

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