Adolescence /ˌæd

unspoiled /ʌnˈspɔɪld/ , /-ˈspɔɪlt/ adjective ( UK also unspoilt )
An unspoiled place is beautiful because it has not been changed or damaged by people
an island with clean, unspoiled beaches
urban /ˈɜː.b ə n/ /ˈɝː-/ adjective [ before noun ]
of or in a city or town
urban development
urban decay
Compare rural
affect /əˈfekt/ verb [ T ] INFLUENCE
1. to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause them to change
Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
The divorce affected every aspect of her life.
It's a disease which affects mainly older people.
I was deeply affected by the film (= It caused strong feelings in me) .
affect /əˈfekt/ verb [ T ] PRETEND
2. formal to pretend to feel or think something
To all his problems she affected indifference.
3. formal mainly disapproving to start to wear or do something in order to make people admire or respect you
At university he affected an upper-class accent.
He's recently affected a hat and cane.
fluctuate /ˈflʌk.tju.eɪt/ verb [ I ]
to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another
Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season.
Her wages fluctuate between £150 and £200 a week.
Her weight fluctuates wildly .
fluctuating prices

UNIT 8 Through the ages