ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND TRAINING. FEBRUARY, 2021 -III. ISSN 2181-9750
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threatening half of the available crop area (FAO, 2000). Khorezm region is one of
the most remote regions of Uzbekistan, located in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya.
Its soil is greatly affected by secondary salinization (Uzgipromeliovodkhoz, 2003). The
low location of Khorezm soils increases their salinity and weakens the drainage system.
Soil degradation is defined as a temporary or permanent decrease in soil fertility
that occurs under the influence of geological, geomorphological, and human factors
(Katyal and Vlek, 2000). According to the data obtained, soil degradation indicates that
21% of existing soils have become unusable (FAO, 2000). In Uzbekistan, 24% of soil
is physically and chemically degraded as a result of agricultural activities. 13% of them
have been irreversibly degraded over the past 40 years. Desertification is one of the
main problems in Uzbekistan due to the impact of habitat on nature or misuse of land.
Approximately 90% of Uzbekistan's total land area is at risk of desertification (FAO,
2000).
The republic of Uzbekistan developed its own National Program of Measures to
Combat Desertification in 1999 (UNEP and General Hydromet Data, 1999). Various
measures in the program include the conversion of the dried bottom of the Aral Sea
and surrounding lands into forests to protect agricultural lands from wind erosion and
sand accumulation (Khanazarov and Novitsky, 1990). It is planned to establish
protective trees in the irrigated areas to protect the adjacent crop areas. The results of
previous studies in the territory of Uzbekistan on the positive effect of protective trees
on the increase of productivity of adjacent agricultural lands by 15-20% are given in
the literature (Botman, 1988; Kayumov, 1986; Kayumov, 1993). At the same time,
although various studies in Uzbekistan have identified the use of salt water in
afforestation and the salinity of various tree species (Fimkin, 1972), little attention has
been paid to the conversion of degraded lands to deforestation. To turn dry low-
yielding lands into orchards, it is necessary to apply the selection of species on the
basis of carefully selected sorting. However, in previous species study studies, mainly
limited height / diameter conditional measurements were used to assess tree
productivity (Fimkin, 1983; Makhno, 1962). In a few cases, less information was
collected on root biomass, structure and size, which measured the occurrence of surface
dry wood material and was an important physiological parameter for assessing the
suitability of tree species for land conversion (Xanazarov and Kayumov, 1993;
Hyuperman et al., 2002).
The rapid development of roots and biomass is important, but this does not mean
that all indicators are consistent. Considerations could be made for determining salt
resistance, suitability for groundwater, facilitating tree recommendation for each area,
and normalizing soil water regime through bio-drainage (Huperman et al., 2002).
However, at present, there is insufficient information on evaporation (transpiration)
standards for trees in the agro-climatic conditions of Khorezm region. To date, some
studies have used the gravimetric method to study evaporation, a method that has a
number of limitations. In a directly growing tree, measuring it using a porometer gives
accurate indications (Huperman et al., 2002).
Research Methodology. In order to determine the change of biomass, 3 trees
out of every 5 trees were selected at 7 and 19 months of the experiment and their new
branches, roots and leaf weight were measured. It was found that in the first year of
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