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Activity 1.
Complete the table matching the adverbs and their role in a sentence.
Answers
Cause and effect
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Time
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Contrast
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Condition
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because
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As soon as
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Even Though
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if
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In case
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Now that
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whereas
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Only if
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as
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When
while
before
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Even if
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unless
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In the event that
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Since after
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Though
although
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Whether or not
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Adverbs: if, now that, as soon as, even though, whereas, when, even if, because, though, since, after, in case, only if, while, before, unless, although, whether or not, in the event that, as.
Activity 2.
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate adverb.
It began poring over the pages, _____________it scans the layers of sedimentary rocks, comprising Mount Sharp.
____________more than 40 years, the subatomic particle was finally detected.
____________water is essential to life, people poison it with chemicals from industry and agriculture.
I didn’t stop working until after midnight _____________I was totally exhausted.
We can see the light from the airplane flying high at night __________we hear the plane _________ light travels faster than sound.
Answers
1.Even Though
2.After
3.Although
4. Even If
5.Before
Activity 3.
Match the words a-g and their synonyms 1-7.
An expansion 1. A crisis
A curvature 2. An enlargement, growth
To verify 3. A swing, variation
To encompass 4. Bending
A blunder 5. To affirm, prove
A fluctuation 6. A fault, mistake, slip
A big crunch 7. To include, contain
Answers
a
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b
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c
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d
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e
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f
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g
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2
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4
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5
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7
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6
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3
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1
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Activity 4.
Read and translate the text.
Building a Human Heart Valve
The World Heath Organization estimates that some 600,000 people around the world will need replacement heart valves within the next three years. British scientists delivered those patients some hopeful news: A team of researchers led by Dr. Magdi Yacoub of the Imperial College of London saw 10 years of work come to fruition this spring, when they grew bone marrow stem cells into functioning human heart-valve tissue. Yacoub hopes that the tissue can be grown into the shape of a heart valve using a special collagen scaffolding. Yacoub’s advancements build on the ongoing efforts of scientists around the world to grow new heart valves and other body parts. If Yacoub’s tissue holds up in animal trials, he estimates it could be used in human heart-valve transplant patients within 3 to 5 years.
Scientists Create “Cyborg Flesh”
What with all our wearable tech and even smart contact lenses, it looks like the future is going to be cyborg, and scientists at Harvard made that future even more secure in 2015.Bioengineers at the university have managed to create the first tissue samples that are half man, half machine. Researchers created hybrid neurons, heart cells, muscle, and blood vessels by taking a collagen scaffold, wiring it up with nanowires and transistors, then encouraging the “natural” tissue to grow around it. The result has been dubbed NanoES (short for nanoelectric scaffold) Tissue. Although we have a long way to go, the applications for this technology are astonishing. You would be able to integrate your body into your personal tech, and even perhaps control it from your smartphone (or whatever we’ll be using by that point). Need a boost? Just open the adrenalin app. Feeling burned out? A bit of serotonin should do you good? You could even use it to monitor the body for abnormalities and alert to or even treat any developing problems.
Answers
Insonning yurak klapanini qurish
Butunjahon Xit tashkiloti hisob-kitoblariga ko'ra, kelgusi uch yil ichida butun dunyo bo'ylab 600 mingga yaqin odam yurak klapanlarini almashtirishga muhtoj bo'ladi. Britaniyalik olimlar ushbu bemorlarga umidvor bo'lgan yangiliklarni etkazishdi: London imperatorlik kolleji doktori Magdi Yakoub boshchiligidagi tadqiqotchilar guruhi bu bahorda suyak iligi ildiz hujayralarini o'sib, odamning yurak-qopqoq to'qimalariga aylantirganda 10 yillik ish samara berganini ko'rishdi. . Yakoub, maxsus kollagen iskala yordamida to'qimalarni yurak qopqog'i shaklida o'stirishga umid qilmoqda. Yakoubning yutuqlari butun dunyo olimlarining yangi yurak klapanlari va boshqa tana qismlarini o'stirish bo'yicha olib borilayotgan sa'y-harakatlariga asoslanadi. Agar Yakoubning to'qimasi hayvonlarni sinovdan o'tkazadigan bo'lsa, u odamning yurak-qopqoq transplantatsiyasi bilan kasallangan bemorlarda 3-5 yil ichida ishlatilishini taxmin qilmoqda.
Olimlar "Cyborg Flesh" ni yaratdilar
Bizning barcha kiyinadigan texnologiyamiz va hatto aqlli kontakt linzalarimiz bilan kelajak kiborgga aylanib ketganday tuyuladi va Garvarddagi olimlar bu kelajakni 2015 yilda yanada xavfsizroq qilishdi. Universitetdagi muhandislar birinchi to'qima namunalarini yaratishga muvaffaq bo'lishdi. yarim odam, yarim mashina. Tadqiqotchilar gibrid neyronlarni, yurak hujayralarini, mushaklarni va qon tomirlarini kollagen iskala olib, uni nano simlari va tranzistorlar bilan ulab, so'ngra "tabiiy" to'qimalarni uning atrofida o'sishga undash orqali yaratdilar. Natijada NanoES (nanoelektrik iskala uchun qisqartma) to'qimasi deb nomlangan. Bizning yo'limiz uzoq bo'lsa-da, ushbu texnologiya uchun qo'llanmalar hayratlanarli. Siz tanangizni shaxsiy texnikangizga qo'shishingiz va hatto uni o'zingizning smartfoningiz orqali boshqarishingiz mumkin (yoki shu paytgacha biz foydalanadigan narsalar). Rag'batlantirish kerakmi? Adrenalin dasturini oching. Yonib ketganingizni his qilyapsizmi? Bir oz serotonin sizga yaxshilik qilishi kerakmi? Siz hatto uni tanadagi anormalliklarni kuzatib borish va rivojlanayotgan muammolarni ogohlantirish yoki hatto davolash uchun ham ishlatishingiz mumkin.
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