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Next, the closing inventory for the year of $7,500 must be recognised
using the following adjustment:
Dr Inventory assets $7,500
Cr Cost of sales $7,500
Inventory
20X7 $
$
1 Jan bal b/f
9,500 Cost of sales
9,500
31 Dec cost of sales
7,500
Cost of sales
20X7 $
$
Various purchases
150,000
1 Jan Inventory
9,500 31 Dec Inventory
7,500
Finally, the ledger accounts can be closed off for the year.
Inventory
20X7 $
$
1 Jan bal b/f
9,500 Cost of sales
9.500
31 Dec cost of sales
7,500 31 Dec bal c/f
7.500
––––––
––––––
17,000
17,000
––––––
––––––
1 Jan X8 bal b/f
7,500
Cost of sales
20X7 $
$
Various purchases
150,000
1 Jan Inventory
9,500 31 Dec inventory
7,500
Taken to profit or loss
152,000
––––––
––––––
159,500
159,500
––––––
––––––
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Test your understanding 2
The trading position of a simple cash-based business for its first week of
trading was as follows:
$
Capital introduced by the owner
1,000
Purchases for cash
800
Sales for cash
900
At the end of the week there were goods which had cost $300 remaining
in inventory.
Write up the ledger accounts for the first week and then prepare a
vertical statement of profit or loss (i.e. sales revenue, costs of sales
and gross profit).
Clearly show the closing inventory asset that would be shown on
the statement of financial position at the end of the first week.
You will need to set up two inventory T-accounts: one for inventory
assets and one for inventory within cost of sales.
Test your understanding 3
The business described in Test your understanding 2 now continues into
its second week. Its transactions are as follows:
$
Sales for cash
1,000
Purchases for cash
1,100
The goods left in inventory at the end of this second week originally cost
$500.
Write up the ledger accounts and the vertical statement of profit or
loss for week two.
Clearly identify the closing inventory asset that would appear on the
statement of financial position at the end of the second week.
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4
Valuation of inventory
Inventory consists of:
•
goods purchased for resale
•
consumable stores (such as oil)
•
raw materials and components (used in the production process)
•
partly-finished goods (usually called work in progress – WIP)
•
finished goods (which have been manufactured by the business).
IAS 2 Inventories
Inventory is included in the statement of financial position at:
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Cost
Cost includes
'all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs
incurred in bringing the inventories to their current location and condition'
(IAS 2, para 10).
This includes:
•
cost of purchase – material costs, import duties, freight.
•
cost of conversion – this includes direct costs and production overheads
(depreciation of productive machinery/buildings is included here – see
later chapter).
According to IAS 2 Inventories, the following costs should be excluded from the
cost of inventories: selling costs, storage costs, costs of abnormal wastage and
administrative overheads.
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