Abu nasyr al- farabi

ABU NASYR AL- FARABI
Pool Syrdarya played the same role in the history of its region as the Nile for Egypt, the Tigris and the Euphrates for Mesopotamia. Later, Farab became known as Otrar , the ruins of which are located in the Otrar district of the South Kazakhstan region. About Otrar there is information in the Chinese sources and Ptolemy. In the 9th-10th centuries, as described by contemporaries, it was a large center, the most important border and junction point of the caravan roads of world trade of that time, in which the nomadic steppe and the settled population were connected. The fact of the destruction of the city by the Mongols in 1218, which went down in history as the Otrar Catastrophe, is widely known . Here in February 1405 Timur died. But on the map of cultural development, Otrar is marked as the birthplace of a whole pleiad of eminent scientists, poets, thinkers, among whom AbuNasr al- Farabi is justly distinguished as a global scale.
The largest historians of culture and science noted the greatness and uniqueness of the figure of Farabi . Astronomy, logic, music theory and mathematics, sociology and ethics, medicine and psychology, philosophy and law - such is the list of his interests.Apparently, even as a young man, Farabi left his native city and practically visited all the cities associated with Islam and the Arab caliphate in Bukhara, Merv , Khorran , Alexandria, Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad. He spent many years of his life in Baghdad, which was the political and cultural center of the Arab caliphate. Here he thoroughly replenishes his knowledge by studying the works of the Beit al- Hikma figures , translators of Greek authors, comes into contact with prominent scholars and, after a certain time, occupies the leading place among them thanks to his moral height and power of thought. It was here that he was given the title "Moallim asana "- Second teacher. The title of " second "implied the presence of" first ", by which Aristotle was meant.And indeed, much brings them closer: the breadth and diversity of scientific interests, the desire to philosophically understand the being and place of a person in it, proximity to the "generally accepted opinion", to the practical everyday wisdom of the people.Farabi made an independent contribution to the science of logic, which was first developed by the great Greek predecessor. The unusual and courage of his philosophical views was in a certain contradiction with public opinion, incapable of full perception of Greek philosophy and science. And direct attacks on certain prejudices of the era made many people suspect him of heresy and departure from religion. In fact, he showed exceptional independence in his thinking and consistently defended his convictions.
Envy and hostility forced him to leave Baghdad. The last years of his life he spent in Aleppo and Damascus, using the patronage of Saif ad-Dawla Hamdani , but preferred to live far from the bustle of the palace, being content with a modest salary of four dirhams. In Damascus at the age of 80, he died and was buried behind the so-called Small Gate.